| 全球显生宙碳酸盐岩时空分布规律及其控制因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 金振奎,余宽宏,潘怡,赵东凤,卢言霞.全球显生宙碳酸盐岩时空分布规律及其控制因素[J].现代地质,2013,27(3). |
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| 作者姓名： | 金振奎 余宽宏 潘怡 赵东凤 卢言霞 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国石油大学地球科学学院,北京,102249 |
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| 摘 要： | 世界上约60%的油气产自碳酸盐岩。全球哪些地区、哪些时代碳酸盐岩发育?其时空分布受哪些因素控制?弄清这些问题,不仅对我国海外油气勘探战略选区有指导作用,而且可为了解全球古地理环境演化提供重要信息。根据全球179个碳酸盐岩盆地的数据统计分析,对全球显生宙碳酸盐岩时空分布规律进行了研究,并探讨了其控制因素。在显生宙的各个地质时期,碳酸盐岩均有分布,但不同时期,碳酸盐岩发育程度不同。在泥盆纪、白垩纪和古近纪,碳酸盐岩分布广泛,而在志留纪、二叠纪、三叠纪和侏罗纪,分布局限。不同时期,碳酸盐岩发育地区不同。寒武纪-奥陶纪,碳酸盐岩主要分布于俄罗斯、中国、北美洲、澳大利亚;三叠纪以后,碳酸盐岩发育区域转移至中东、北欧、北非、南美洲;至古近纪和新近纪,碳酸盐岩发育区主要分布于中东、北非、南亚地区。研究表明,全球碳酸盐岩时空分布受大陆漂移和全球海平面变化控制。古生代,古劳亚大陆、西伯利亚、中国华南地区、澳大利亚均位于赤道附近温暖浅海地带,碳酸盐岩发育,上述地区是这一时期碳酸盐岩分布主要区域;冈瓦纳大陆在古生代位于高纬度区,碳酸盐岩少。中生代,古劳亚大陆漂移至高纬度区,碳酸盐岩减少;冈瓦纳大陆解体为南美板块、非洲板块并漂移至低纬度区,发育碳酸盐岩。新生代,碳酸盐岩在南亚地区的增多,这也和板块的位置相印证。另外,当全球海平面上升时,海侵形成广阔的陆表海,碳酸盐岩广泛发育;当全球海平面下降时,海退形成陆缘海,碳酸盐岩发育面积减小。
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| 关 键 词： | 碳酸盐岩 全球时空分布 板块构造 海平面升降 控制因素 |
Global Distribution of Phanerozoic Carbonates and Controlling Factors |
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| JIN Zhen-kui
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YU Kuan-hong
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PAN Yi
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ZHAO Dong-feng
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LU Yan-xia.Global Distribution of Phanerozoic Carbonates and Controlling Factors[J].Geoscience——Journal of Graduate School,China University of Geosciences,2013,27(3). |
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| Authors: | JIN Zhen-kui YU Kuan-hong PAN Yi ZHAO Dong-feng LU Yan-xia |
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| Abstract: | About 60% oil and gas of the world is produced from carbonate rocks.Where and when are carbonate rocks most developed in the world? What are the controlling factors? To figure out these questions is not only important to selection of strategic exploration areas abroad,but also important to understanding of global paleogeography.Based on various data from 179 carbonate basins in the world,global distribution of Phanerozoic carbonates and the controlling factors were studied in this paper.Carbonates occur in every geological period,but the degree of development is different.In the Devonian,Cretaceous and Paleogene,carbonates were widely spread,while in the Silurian,Permian,Triassic and Jurassic,distribution of carbonates was limited.In different geological periods,carbonates are developed in different areas.From the Cambrian to Ordovician,carbonates mainly occurred in Russia,China,North America and Australia.After the Triassic,carbonates mainly occurred in the Middle East,South Europe,North Africa and South America.In the Cenozoic,carbonates mainly occurred in the Middle East,North Africa and South Asia.Continental drifts and sea level change controlled distribution of carbonates.In the Paleozoic,the Laurasia(current Eurasia and North America),Siberia,South China and Australia were in low latitudes,where the sea was warm and carbonates were developed.But the Gondwana continent(current Africa and South America) were in high latitudes,where the sea was cold and not favorable for carbonate deposition.In the Mesozoic,the Laurasia drifted to high latitudes and thus little carbonates were deposited,while the Gondwana broke up and drifted to low latitudes and abundant carbonates were developed in South America and North Africa.In the Cenozoic,the Middle East and South Asia were in low latitudes and carbonates were developed.Thus carbonates distribution is well correlated with continental drift.Fluctuation of sea level is another important factor controlling the distribution of carbonates.When sea level rises,continental seas are widely formed,providing favorable sites for deposition of carbonates.When sea level falls,continent marginal seas are developed,which are not favorable for deposition of carbonates. |
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| Keywords: | carbonate rock global distribution continental drift fluctuation of sea level controlling factor |
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