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Mass fluxes of xenobiotics below cities: challenges in urban hydrogeology |
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| Authors: | Mario Schirmer Frido Reinstorf Sebastian Leschik Andreas Musolff Ronald Krieg Gerhard Strauch John W Molson Marion Martienssen Kristin Schirmer |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstr. 133, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland 2. Department of Water and Waste Management, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg-Stendal, Breitscheidstr. 2, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany 3. Department of Groundwater Remediation, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany 4. Department of Hydrogeology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany 5. Department of Hydrogeology, UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany 6. Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V0A6, Canada 7. Chair Biotechnology of Water Treatment, Institute for Environmental Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Siemens-Halske-Ring 8, 03046, Cottbus, Germany 8. Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstr. 133, 8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland |
| Abstract: | Urban areas are the focus of major ecological, social and economical activity. They are thus also prime locations of increasing conflict with regard to water use and water protection. As a direct and/or indirect consequence of urban land use and human activity, urban water systems are frequently polluted with organic contaminants including waste water-born xenobiotics such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products (collectively known as PPCPs) and endocrine-active substances. This study reviews new integrated methodologies including flux calculations as well as chemical investigations for determining the impact of human activities on urban water systems and on processes within the urban watershed. The use of indicator substances, representing different contaminant sources and pathways, integral pumping tests and mass balance approaches are suitable alternatives within these environments. The issues are explored using contaminant mass balance examples from Halle/Saale and Leipzig, Germany. |
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