Silver in the far North Atlantic Ocean |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada;2. Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada;1. Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium;2. Medical Oncology Service, Center Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France;3. Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany;4. Medical Oncology Service, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L''Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;5. Head and Neck Surgery, National Oncology Institute, Budapest, Hungary;6. Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen;7. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany;8. Clinical Research Unit, Institute Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France;9. II Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;10. Onco-radiology, Jósa András Teaching Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary;11. Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany;12. Lung and Head and Neck Cancer Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain;13. Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany;14. Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | Total (unfiltered) silver concentrations in higher latitudes of the North Atlantic (52–68°N) are reported for the second Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) Global Investigation of Pollutants in the Marine Environment (GIPME) baseline survey of 1993. These silver concentrations (0.69–7.2 pM) are oceanographically consistent with those (0.24–9.6 pM) previously reported for lower latitudes in the eastern North and South Atlantic (Flegal et al., 1995). However, surface (?200 m) water concentrations of silver (0.69–4.6 pM) in the northern North Atlantic waters are, on average, ten-fold larger than those (0.25 pM) considered natural background concentrations in surface waters of the central Atlantic. In contrast, variations in deep far North Atlantic silver concentrations are associated with discrete water masses. Consequently, the cycling of silver in the far North Atlantic appears to be predominantly controlled by external inputs and the advection of distinct water masses, in contrast to the nutrient-like biogeochemical cycling of silver observed in the central Atlantic and Pacific oceans. |
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