| 布里顿的批判性旅游地理思想再考 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈品宇,袁超,孔翔,刘俊.布里顿的批判性旅游地理思想再考[J].地理研究,2021,40(4):1209-1222. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈品宇 袁超 孔翔 刘俊 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心,上海 2000622.华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海 2002413.华南师范大学旅游管理学院,广州 510631 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41771156);国家社会科学基金项目(19BJY212);华东师范大学优秀博士生学术创新能力提升计划项目(YBNLTS2020-022) |
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| 摘 要： | 布里顿（Stephen G. Britton）最早运用马克思主义政治经济学,将旅游置于资本主义全球化的社会生产和消费体系中进行批判,回答了旅游到底是什么的问题,为深刻认识旅游发展现象与本质提供了重要的研究路径。作为批判性旅游地理研究的先驱人物,他指出旅游是一种重要的资本积累方式,从中可以看到旅游发展如何创造了空间和地方的物质性和社会意义,以及它们的表征如何被纳入到资本积累进程之中。结合布里顿的代表作,本文试图从个体、区域和全球三个层面来理解此核心观点,这体现在旅游的商品属性、产业属性和资本流动的媒介属性。然后梳理后续学者对布里顿思想观点的话题应用并指出对其理论体系的拓展之处,包括旅游的劳工地理、旅游地的空间生产与地方转型、乡村旅游与政治生态3个方面,这明晰了批判性旅游地理研究的主题,回答了布里顿当时的展望性论断——从批判性角度来看,旅游亦是地理学者值得研究的领域,也指引了旅游地理应该由传统的强调空间分析、面向应用而缺乏理论体系的实证主义范式,迈向强调政治经济和权力分析、更加符合旅游地理研究理论化的路径方向。最后辩证指出布里顿思想观点的不足和弥补之处,阐述对中国旅游地理研究的启示,并尝试讨论如何超越旅游的资本维度。
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| 关 键 词： | 布里顿 资本积累 批判性旅游地理研究 旅游的政治经济 旅游的劳工地理 旅游的空间生产与地方转型 旅游的政治生态 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-17 |
Rethinking the critical geography of tourism on Stephen Britton |
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| CHEN Pinyu,YUAN Chao,KONG Xiang,LIU Jun.Rethinking the critical geography of tourism on Stephen Britton[J].Geographical Research,2021,40(4):1209-1222. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Pinyu YUAN Chao KONG Xiang LIU Jun |
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| Institution: | 1. The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China2. School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China3. School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China |
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| Abstract: | Stephen G. Britton, for the first time, brought Marxist political economics theories into the global capitalist social production and consumption system to criticize tourism and answer the question of what tourism it is, which provided a very important research path in understanding the phenomenon and nature of tourism development. As a pioneer in critical tourism geography research, Britton has been dead for nearly 30 years, but his ideas have not yet been fully recognized and valued. With the burgeoning rise of critical tourism research at home and abroad, it is increasingly necessary to translate and interpret the knowledge of notable scholars with milestone achievements. Combined with Britton's representative literature, this paper attempts to understand his main viewpoint that “tourism is an important way of capital accumulation, from which it is recognised that how the social meaning and materiality of space and place is created through the practice of tourism itself, and how these representations are then incorporated into the accumulation process.” Specifically, at the individual scale, as a kind of commodity, tourism has the property of capitalism. It exists in the commodity production and consumption system with both value and use value. On regional scale, regarded as a form of industry, tourism acts as a tool to promote urban renewal, industrial transformation and territory competition by means of producing place and guiding new consumption preference to expand economy as well as sustaining economic growth. From a global scale, tourism, as a kind of intermediary, becomes a carrier of capital to transform the marginal places into the modern mass tourist destinations, which is integrated into the capitalist production system, further deepening the existing inequalities between investment countries and destinations. Then, this paper analyzes the follow-up scholars' application on Britton's viewpoint and points out the expansion of his theoretical framework, including the following three aspects: labor geography of tourism, production of space in tourist destinations and their place transformation, rural tourism and political ecology. These themes clarify the research topics of critical tourism geography, responding to Britton's farsighted assertion at that time. From a critical perspective, tourism was also an area worthy of study by geographers. Moreover, traditional theoretical direction of tourism geography research which emphasizes the empirical paradigm of spatial analysis and application-oriented without a theoretical system should turn to and embrace the political economy and power analysis approach. Finally, this paper points out the shortcomings and remedies of Britton's ideas, illustrating and highlighting the inspiration for the study of Chinese tourism geography, and trying to discuss how to go beyond the capital dimension of tourism. |
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| Keywords: | Britton capital accumulation critical tourism geography political economy of tourism labor geography of tourism spatial production and place transformation of tourism political ecology of tourism |
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