| 基质矿化特性与生化性状协同效应的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张帆,王晨冰,王鸿,王发林.基质矿化特性与生化性状协同效应的研究[J].干旱区地理,2017,40(1):114-121. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张帆 王晨冰 王鸿 王发林 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省农业科学院林果花卉研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31360467）；中青年博士基金（2016GAAS29）；国家自然科学基金项目（31460118） |
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| 摘 要： | 研究不同配方基质矿化特性与生化性状协同效应，探索其养分释放规律，以期合理高效利用，为戈壁非耕地合理使用基质提供可靠的理论依据。实验以初选的三种不同配方基质为试材（T1：草炭+秸秆+牛粪+蛭石=2∶2∶4∶2；T2：草炭+秸秆+鸡粪+蛭石=5∶2∶2∶1；T3：草炭+秸秆+羊粪+蛭石=3∶2∶3∶2），按一定温/湿度，采用室内培养法，测定养分指标和生化特性变化。结果表明，不同基质碳、氮、磷的矿化量、矿化率、残留率及生物化学性状等指标在不同培养期动态变化存在明显差异，其中，培养末期，T3有机碳矿化率最大、残留率最小，其净矿化量分别较T1和T2高41.9%和22.2%；T3在整个培养期氮矿化率和矿质氮含量最大，而残留率最小，其氮净矿化量分别较T1和T2高25.8%和71.8%；T1有机磷矿化率、净矿化量和残留率最大，T3则相反。T3多酚氧化酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶在整个培养期内变幅最大，T1最小。基质配料和比例不同，其矿化特性和生物性状不同。T3更能充分发挥物料组合的促进效应，为微生物活动提供更加丰富的碳源和生长物质，是适合非耕地使用的基质配方。
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| 关 键 词： | 基质 矿化 生物酶 协同效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-10-07 |
Synergistic effect on mineralization characteristics and biochemical traits of substrate |
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| ZHANG Fan,WANG Chen-bing,WANG Hong,WANG Fa-lin.Synergistic effect on mineralization characteristics and biochemical traits of substrate[J].Arid Land Geography,2017,40(1):114-121. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Fan WANG Chen-bing WANG Hong WANG Fa-lin |
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| Institution: | Institute of Fruit and Floriculture Research, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China |
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| Abstract: | In the northwest of the Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province, China where is mostly gobi desert, it is difficult to develop Greenhouse Crops due to the soil and its salinity conditions. This paper aims to study the synergistic effect of the mineralization characteristics and biochemical traits of substrate, and explore the release characteristics of nutrient, so as to provide a theory for the reasonable application of substrate in solar greenhouse production. It has been reported that different formula substrates of the pre-screening (T1:turf:straw:cow dung:vermiculite=2:2:4:2; T2:turf:straw:Chicken manure:vermiculite=5:2:2:1; T3:turf:straw:sheep manure:vermiculite=3:2:3:2)were used as materials. According to a certain temperature and moisture content, they were cultivated for 180 days, and changes of nutrient content and biochemical characteristics were measured every 30 days. The results show that the mineralization characteristics and biochemical properties of three kinds of substrates were different. Generally, the dynamic changes of the amount and the rate of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate mineralization were significantly different. At the end of incubation, T3 net organic carbon mineralization was 41.9%, 22.2% higher than that of T1 and T2, having the highest amounts and rates of carbon mineralization, but the lowest residual quantities; while T1 is on the opposite. Inorganic nitrogen amount of T3 was the highest, the net nitrogen mineralization of T3 was 25.8%, 71.8% higher than that of T1 and T2; the net amounts and the rates of mineralization of T3 were higher than the other treatments, nitrogen retention rate was the highest, while T2 is on the opposite. The amount and residual rate of organic phosphate of T1 were the lowest, organic phosphate mineralization rate of T1 was lower than the others, while T3 is on the opposite. The variations of polyphenol oxidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and protease of T3 were the biggest in the period of cultivation, T1 were the lowest. Different proportions of ingredients and different matrix lead to different mineralization characteristics and biological properties. The selected material and proportion of T3 can give full play to the promoting effect, meaning that it can provide more abundant carbon sources and growth material, make higher enzyme activity, accelerate the mineralization rate, and increase the amount of carbon and nitrogen mineralization. The material and proportion of T1 can strengthen the mineralization of organic phosphorus and promote the quantity of phosphate rock. It is obvious that T3 is better than T1 and T2 in providing carbon, nitrogen; while T1 is stronger than the other two in providing phosphorus. T3 is a matrix formulation suitable for non-arable land. This experiment makes clear the collaborative relationship between the mineralization characteristics of the special matrix within six consecutive months in an appropriate non-cultivated land greenhouse and the microbial enzyme activity, reveals the main nutrient substrate change law and mechanism, and selects the optimum matrix formulation of cataplasm which is suitable for Non cultivated land. |
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| Keywords: | substrate mineralization enzyme synergistic effects |
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