Sustainable groundwater management on the small island of Manukan,Malaysia |
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| Authors: | Sarva Mangala Praveena Mohd Harun Abdullah Kawi Bidin Ahmad Zaharin Aris |
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| Institution: | (1) Center of Marine Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;(2) Water Research Unit, School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia;(3) School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia;(4) Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | Numerical models are capable of simulating various groundwater scenarios and relate it towards groundwater management. This
paper focuses on numerical modeling and water balance approaches in the search for a sustainable management plan in Manukan
Island. The impacts of pumping and recharge rates represented by groundwater scenarios were investigated by means of hydraulic
heads, chloride concentrations and water balance components. Overpumping and inconsistency in recharge rate are the stresses
shown in Scenario A. Scenario B involved with reduction pumping rate by 25% has shown an increase in groundwater levels, chloride
concentration and groundwater storage. Scenario C showed the most promising finding compared with Scenarios A and B. Highest
hydraulic heads, lowest chloride concentration (1,552.2 mg/L) and positive groundwater storage (254.3 m3/day) were obtained in Scenario C. Chloride concentration in pumping wells still exceeds World Health Organization International
Standard limit in Scenario C which illustrates an additional water treatment is needed. Nevertheless, in view of a compromise
groundwater management plan in study area, Scenario C is the best plan so far to protect the groundwater resources in the
study area. More understanding of the artificial recharge method (percolation tank) and study site by means of modeling studies
is needed. Additionally, further progress is needed in obtaining the water usage data from each part to determine the best
pumping rate. A sustainable groundwater management plan is crucial to maintain the natural resources and social benefits as
well as to protect the ecological balance of Manukan Island. |
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