| 微地震事件不同初至拾取方法的对比分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 段建华.微地震事件不同初至拾取方法的对比分析[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(3):82-86. |
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| 作者姓名： | 段建华 |
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| 作者单位： | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技重大专项课题(2011ZX05040-002) |
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| 摘 要： | 微地震事件初至的精确拾取是微震时空定位的关键技术之一。简述了STA/LTA (Short–Term to Long–Term Average)、AIC (Akaike Information Criteria)、分形维数3种微地震初至拾取方法的基本原理；采用理论模型数据对不同初至拾取方法进行了方法测试效果分析；并选取不同信噪比的实际数据对初至拾取精度、算法效率两个方面进行了比较。结果显示:高信噪比时，3种方法初至拾取的精度都比较高；在信噪比降低时，分形维数法初至拾取的精度仍然较高，具有较好的抗噪性；但是，分形维数法的效率较低，且受算法原理限制，并且与AIC法很难单独拾取事件初至。因此，采用STA/LTA识别微地震事件，初步确定初至范围，然后再使用AIC方法精确拾取初至，是微地震事件初至拾取的较好方法。
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| 关 键 词： | 微地震 初至拾取 STA/LTA法 AIC法 分形维数法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-02-25 |
Comparison of picking method of microseismic first-break |
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| Abstract: | Accurate picking of first breaks is one of the key technology of microseismic location. The paper analyzes the principle of STA/LTA, AIC, fractal dimension of three kinds of microseismic first-break picking method, presents a detailed test and verification of the simulation data, and compares first-break picking accuracy and efficiency of the three algorithms through actual data with different S/N ratio. The results show that for the data with high S/N ratio, first break picking accuracy of three methods is relatively high. When SNR decreases, first-arrival time that fractal dimension method picks has higher precision and good noise immunity. However, fractal dimension method has lower efficiency and is limited by algorithm principle, it is difficult to separately pick first breaks for fractal dimension and AIC method. So it is a very good method to identify microseismic events and determine preliminarily the time range of first breaks by STA/LTA method, then to pick first-arrival accurate time by AIC method. |
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