Distribution and formation of high-fluorine groundwater in China |
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| Authors: | Ren Fuhong Jiao Shuqin |
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| Institution: | (1) The Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Zhengding, Hebei, China |
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| Abstract: | In China, high-fluorine groundwater, which contains more than 1.0 mg/l fluorine, is mainly distributed in shallow aquifers
of unconsolidated deposits in some arid and semiarid areas, deep aquifers of unconsolidated deposits in semiarid areas, as
well as in hot springs of bed rock mountainous area and aquifers of fluorite-mine area. Its formation is controlled by regional
climate factors, seepage conditions of groundwater, as well as the hydrogeochemical environment. The physicochemical properties
of soil mass of the aeration zone play an important role in fluorine concentration in shallow groundwater. In the coastal
plain areas, where groundwater is mainly recharged and discharged vertically, and its regime type belongs to the type of infiltration—evaporation,
the grain size of soil mass of aeration zone directly influences the amount of fluorine transferred from solid medium into
water; and the chemical constituents of the soil mass of aeration zone controls the chemical characteristics of the shallow
groundwater, consequently influencing the concentration condition of fluorine in water.
Fluorine ion in groundwater continuously migrates and concentrates under the comprehensive influence of many factors. High-fluorine
groundwater exceeding the sanitary standard (1.0 mg/l) has an obvious zonality in regional distribution in China. Based on
current statistics, there are roughly 50 million people (Zheng Qifu 1986) who have consumed water which exceeds standards
in China. In highfluorine groundwater areas, endemic fluorine-poisoning often arises to different extents, affecting human
health seriously. At the end of 1983, over 20 million patients were suffering from fluorine-poisoning diseases in China (Xu
Guozhang, unpublished data). Therefore, research of the distribution feature and formation mechanism of fluorine ion in groundwater
has become an important task. |
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