A three-dimensional variational single-Doppler velocity retrieval method with simple conservation equation constraint |
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| Authors: | J Gao M Xue S-Y Lee A Shapiro Q Xu K K Droegemeier |
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| Institution: | (1) Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA;(2) School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA;(3) Meteorological Research Institute, Seoul, Korea;(4) National Severe Storm Laboratory, Norman, OK, USA |
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| Abstract: | Summary In this paper, a new three-dimensional variational analysis scheme capable of retrieving three-dimensional winds from single
Doppler observations of convective storms is developed. The method incorporates, in a single cost function, Doppler radar
observations, a background field, smoothness and mass continuity constraints, and the residual of reflectivity or radial velocity
conservation. By minimizing this cost function, an analysis with the desired fit to these constraints is obtained in a single
procedure. In tests with both simulated and real thunderstorm cases, detailed structures of the storms are well retrieved
in comparison with reference analysis.
Unlike most kinematic retrieval methods, our scheme is capable of directly dealing with data voids. When an analysis background
is available, say from a proximity sounding, a wind profiler, or a numerical model forecast, the method naturally blends Doppler
radar observations with it. Thus, a smooth transition is obtained between data-rich and data-void areas. These features, among
others, are important if the analysis is to be used to initialize storm-scale numerical models or for diagnostic studies of
storm structures. |
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