| 冬小麦拔节期灌溉防霜冻效果研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 余卫东.冬小麦拔节期灌溉防霜冻效果研究[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(2):13-19. |
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| 作者姓名： | 余卫东 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国气象局·河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室;河南省气象科学研究所 |
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| 摘 要： | 以矮抗58为研究对象,在冬小麦拔节期设置灌溉与未灌溉两种水分处理,通过对无霜冻年份(2012年)和晚霜冻年份(2013年)的对比试验,分析晚霜冻害对冬小麦群体密度、干物质积累、产量及其构成要素的影响,探讨拔节期灌溉的防霜效果。研究结果表明:1)孕穗-抽穗期发生晚霜冻害可使冬小麦群体密度下降、产量显著降低。2012年的产量整体高于2013年的,且2012年未灌溉处理的产量显著高于2013年灌溉处理的(P0.05);受霜冻影响,2013年灌溉与未灌溉的成熟期密度分别比抽穗期下降11.8%和14.8%,地上部分总干物质重先显著下降而后逐渐恢复,和抽穗期相比其下降幅度分别为18.5%(灌溉)和33.7%(未灌溉)。2013年成熟期叶片干重占地上部分总干物质重比例为43.5%(灌溉)和41.0%(未灌溉),显著高于2012年的16.3%(灌溉)和4.1%(未灌溉)。2)无论是否有霜冻害发生,拔节期灌溉均可显著提高产量,灌溉处理产量分别比未灌溉处理的偏高16.3%(2012年)和24.5%(2013年)。霜冻年份拔节期灌溉处理可显著降低穗粒数损失和抽穗期以后叶面积指数的衰减速度。3)2013年灌溉处理较2012年灌溉处理减产23.6%,未灌溉处理较2012年未灌溉处理减产32.9%。拔节期灌溉能够有效减少霜冻造成的产量损失,但这主要是由水分增加所引起,抽穗期的冬小麦抗霜能力并没有提高。
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| 关 键 词： | 晚霜冻 霜冻防御 产量损失 冬小麦 灌溉 |
Effect Study of Irrigation at the Jointing Stage of Winter Wheat for Frost Prevention |
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| Yu Weidong.Effect Study of Irrigation at the Jointing Stage of Winter Wheat for Frost Prevention[J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2018,41(2):13-19. |
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| Authors: | Yu Weidong |
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| Abstract: | A field experiment was conducted during the winter wheat jointing stage from 2012 (no frost damage) to 2013 (frost damage happened) in order to investigate the effect of spring frost on the density, dry matter weight above the ground and grain yield characteristics of winter wheat, and to evaluate the effect of irrigation for frost prevention at the same time. The Aikang No.58 was used as tested winter wheat. Irrigation and no irrigation at the jointing stage were designed. The results were as follows. 1) The spring frost damage duration the booting to earing stage resulted in significant decrease in yield and density of winter wheat. The yield of 2012 was more than that of 2013 (P<0.05) and the yield of 2012 with no irrigation at jointing stage was more than that of 2013 with irrigation significant. Compared with earing stage, spring frost damage in 2013 resulted in an average decrease in density at mature stage with 11.8% (irrigation) and 14.8% (no irrigation). The dry matter weight above the ground decreased significantly at first, and then gradually increased. The max loss of dry matter weight above the ground were 18.5% (irrigation) and 33.7% (no irrigation), respectively. The proportion of above ground dry matter in leaves in maturity of 2013 was 43.5% (irrigation) and 41.0% (no irrigation), it was significantly higher than that of 2012, it was 16.3% (irrigation) and 4.1% (no irrigation). 2) Irrigation at jointing stage could increase the yield of winter wheat significantly, and compared with no irrigation, the yield of irrigation was more than 16.3% (2012) and 24.5% (2013), respectively. The grain number per ear loss of irrigation in 2013 was reduced than no irrigation, as well as the attenuation rate of leaf area index after the earing stage significantly. 3) The yield with irrigation and no irrigation in 2013 was decreased 23.6% and 32.9% than 2012, respectively. The yield losses were basically consistent in the same water condition. The results indicated that irrigation at jointing stage could reduce the yield loss caused by frost effectively, but this was mainly caused by moisture increase, the frost prevention ability of winter wheat in earing stage was not improved yet. |
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| Keywords: | spring frost frost prevention yield lost winter wheat irrigation |
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