Using robust kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation to delineate the copper- and lead-contaminated areas of a rapidly industrialized city in Yangtze River Delta,China |
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| Authors: | Yongcun Zhao Xianghua Xu Biao Huang Weixia Sun Xuexin Shao Xuezheng Shi Xinling Ruan |
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| Institution: | (1) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China;(2) Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China |
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| Abstract: | A total of 540 topsoil samples (0–15 cm), 188 subsoil samples (20–40 cm), and four individual soil profiles were collected
in this study for mapping the Cu- and Pb-contaminated areas in soils of Zhangjiagang city, an industrialized city in the Yangtze
River Delta region of China. Robust geostatistical methods were applied for identifying possible spatial outliers of Cu and
Pb data, and then a sequential Gaussian simulation was employed for delineating the potential areas where Cu or Pb concentration
was affected by diffuse pollution. The results showed that the spatial outliers of Cu and Pb were strongly associated with
various types of factories. The anthropogenic input of Cu to soils at local hotspots was closely related to emissions of printing
and dyeing, metallurgical, and chemical factories, whereas a lead oxide factory and a chemical factory resulted in a considerable
increase of Pb in the topsoil of the study area. Approximately 30% of the total land area of the study was at potential risk
from the Cu or Pb diffuse pollution resulting from rapid industrialization of the area over the past 20 years. |
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| Keywords: | Robust geostatistics Sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) Heavy metal Spatial outlier Diffuse pollution |
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