Distribution,properties, land use and management of Mollisols in South America |
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| Authors: | Artigas Durán Héctor Morrás Guillermo Studdert Xiaobing Liu |
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| Institution: | Artigas Durán 2 , Héctor Morrás 3 , Guillermo Studdert 4 , LIU Xiaobing 1 (1. Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China;2. Faculty of Agronomy, Garzon 780, 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay; 3. Institute of Soils, INTA-CIRN, CC 25, (1712) Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 4. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Mar Del Plata, CC 276, (B7620WAP) Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina) |
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| Abstract: | Mollisols are common in South America. They cover about 8.87 × 107 ha, 1.3 × 107 ha and 4.3 × 106 ha in Argentina, Uruguay and Southern Brazil respectively, which is 11.5% of the world total. Most of South American Mollisols
were developed on Pleistocene and Holocene sediments and lie within the limits of the temperate zone, though the extreme north
is bordering subtropical and the extreme south is within a cold-temperate zone. All suborders of Mollisols occur in Argentina,
the most extensive being Udolls followed by Ustolls, whereas only Udolls, Aquolls and Albolls occur in Uruguay. Vertisols
in Uruguay have many properties similar to Mollisols, and the occurrence of Vertisols is strongly associated with Mollisols.
The Pampean Mollisols are a significant component of the global breadbasket of modern times. The main Argentine crops are
wheat, corn, sorghum, barley, soybeans and sunflower, while Mollisols in Uruguay remain mostly dedicated to cattle and sheep
grazing though crop production has been increasing very rapidly in the last decade. Throughout South America, research has
shown that Mollisols are experiencing losses of soil organic matter and nutrients, and degradation of physical properties
after long cropping periods, resulting in soil scientists calling for increased conservation practices to reduce future losses
and a deterioration of soil quality, and thus a more sustainable agriculture in the region. |
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