| 1971-2010年内蒙古干湿变化特征及对水资源影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 安莉娟.1971-2010年内蒙古干湿变化特征及对水资源影响[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(3):732-740. |
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| 作者姓名： | 安莉娟 |
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| 作者单位： | 内蒙古气候中心, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010051 |
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| 基金项目： | 内蒙古自治区地方标准制修订项目；内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目“内蒙古气象复合指数研究与应用”(nmqxjcx201416)；甘肃省气象局2015年度气象科研项目“基于K指数的甘肃省干旱持续性特征研究”(2015-10) |
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| 摘 要： | 利用1971-2010年内蒙古地区96个气象站的月降水量、月平均气温、月平均风速等气象资料，通过FAO Penman-Monteith 潜在蒸散量计算模型作为基础计算干湿指数，采用气候倾向率、滑动平均等数理统计方法，分析了1971-2010年内蒙古地区干湿指数的变化趋势及空间分布规律并划分出5 种干湿地区类型，探讨了干湿指数与降水量、日照时数、相对湿度等气象因子之间的关系。结果表明：近40a内蒙古地区年干湿指数呈略下降趋势，其变化倾向率为-0.003·（10a）-1，20世纪90年代中期以来年干湿指数呈减少趋势。在地理分布上年干湿指数存在较大的差异性，自东向西逐渐递减，高值中心位于内蒙古大兴安岭东北部，低值中心在内蒙古巴丹吉林沙漠北部。在全球气候变暖的背景下，90年代后干湿指数下降明显，尤其是在内蒙古东部地区，干湿类型明显由湿向干转变，降水减少、区域增温是该地区干旱化的主要原因。内蒙古地区干湿变化主要的气候影响因子是降水量，相关系数在0.9以上，其次是日照时数、相对湿度、潜在蒸散量，相关系数在0.6~0.7之间。近10a来内蒙古地区水资源总量急剧下降，与近些年来地表干湿状况的变化有一定的关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 内蒙古地区 干湿指数 影响因素 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-03-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016-05-16 |
Aridity variation and its impact on water resources in Inner Mongolia from 1971 through 2010 |
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| AN Lijuan.Aridity variation and its impact on water resources in Inner Mongolia from 1971 through 2010[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(3):732-740. |
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| Authors: | AN Lijuan |
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| Institution: | Inner Mongolia Climate Centre, Hohhot 010051, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the meteorological data,such as monthly precipitation,mean temperature,mean wind speed,from 96 representative stations in Inner Mongolia from 1971 through 2010,the potential evapotranspira-tion and aridity index were calculated with Penman-Monteith model. The characteristics of spatial-temporal of aridity in Inner Mongolia were discussed by using mathematical statistics of climate tendency rate and moving av-erage. The consequences of aridity change were discussed. The relations between aridity index and water resourc-es,precipitation,sunshine duration,relative humidity and meteorological factors were discussed also in this pa-per. The results show that(1)from 1971 through 2010,in Inner Mongolia the aridity index had decreased with a decreasing rate of-0.003·(10a)-1;aridity index had great spatial differences,gradually decreasing from east to west;a high center was in the northeast of Inner Mongolia(Northeast of Daxing'an Mountains)and a low center took place in northern Badain Jaran Desert;(2)since the 1990s,under the background of global warming,aridi-ty index has decreased obviously in Inner Mongolia,especially in the east;aridity type has changed from wet to dry significantly;climate has been characterized by dry and warm due to reduction of precipitation and regional warming;(3)precipitation was the primary factor to the climate change(with correlation coefficient r>0.9), followed by sunshine duration,relative humidity. Water resources have decreased sharply in Inner Mongolia dur-ing the past decade,which may have something to do with the change in aridity conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Inner Mongolia aridity index influence factors |
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