Geological controls on the formation and distribution of gas in British coal measure strata |
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| Institution: | 1. From the Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou China;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou China;3. Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;4. Department of Cardiology, Liuzhou Municipal Liutie Central Hospital, Liuzhou, China;5. Department of Ultrasound Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;6. Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;7. Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.;1. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Fitzroy Building, Plymouth University, Drakes Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom;2. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (GEES), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | The methane, ethane, higher alkanes and nitrogen found in British coal seams are residual products of coalification occasionally complemented by petroleum-derived hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide, a minor constituent of coal seam gas, may have been introduced during the phase of cleat mineralisation following uplift. Helium and argon are considered to be radiogenic in origin.Variations in seam methane content with depth, geographic location and rank can be interpreted in terms of the coalification and erosion history of a coalfield. However, the limitations inherent in an analysis in which coal rank is represented by a single parameter must be recognised.There are indications that the methane content of a seam is not likely to exceed the methane sorption capacity of the coal determined at a temperature commensurate with that obtaining at the maximum burial depth.Research in the East Midlands coalfield suggests that structurally controlled migration of coalification gas was contemporaneous with folding. During the Permo-Carboniferous erosion period gas was lost from outcropping seams. Subsequently, the bulk permeability of the seams must have been reduced, perhaps as a result of cleat mineralisation, because no re-distribution of methane appears to have occurred in response to later (Tertiary) deformation and gas contents of seams at incrop below the base of the Permo-Triassic have remained zero.Data on the effects of faulting on seam gas contents are few but the expectation is that faults, of appropriate age and orientation, whilst inhibiting in-seam migration may, in some instances have aided cross-measures movement of gas. Elevated seam ethane and propane contents are frequently encountered in seams disturbed by oil-bearing faults. |
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