Effects of sea ice formation and diapycnal mixing on the Okhotsk Sea intermediate water clarified with oxygen isotopes |
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| Institution: | 1. GNS Science, PO Box 30 368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand;2. Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand;3. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand;1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;3. School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;1. Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea;2. School of Coastal Earth Environment, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea;3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Processes relating to the formation of dense shelf water and intermediate water in the Okhotsk Sea were studied by examining oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O), salinity, and temperature. The salinity and δ18O of the cold dense shelf water on the northern continental shelf showed peculiar relationship. The relationship indicates that 3% of the mixed-layer water, having salinity of 32.6, froze and the remaining 97% became dense shelf water of salinities of more than 33.2 (σθ>26.7) during the sea ice formation. The salinity–δ18O relationship also shows that 20% of the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water at the σθ=26.8 level was derived from the dense shelf water. The remaining 80% came from the Western Subarctic Pacific water modified by diapycnal mixing of water affected by the surface cooling and freshening within the Okhotsk Sea. The mixing with dense shelf water contributes to only 26% of the temperature difference or 8% of the salinity difference between the original Pacific water and the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water at σθ=26.8. This result suggests that the cold and less saline properties of the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water are produced mainly by diapycnal mixing, rather than by mixing of the Pacific water with the dense shelf water. |
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