Tectonic burial and exhumation in a foreland fold and thrust belt: the Monte Alpi case history (Southern Apennines,Italy) |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200238, PR China;2. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark;3. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;2. School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy;4. Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA;5. Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;2. Front Range Voice Care, Englewood, Colorado;3. National Center for Voice and Speech-Denver, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado;4. Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York;5. Department of Communicative Disorders, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama;11. Department of Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium;12. School of Logopedics, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université Catolique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium;8. Phonanium, Lokeren, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | The Monte Alpi area of the Southern Apennines represents the only sector of the thrust belt where the reservoir rocks (i.e. Apulian Platform carbonates) for major hydrocarbon accumulations in southern Italy are interpreted to crop out. Tectonic evolution and exhumation of this area were analysed by integrating stratigraphic and structural data with different organic and inorganic parameters which record the burial and thermal evolution of the sediments (vitrinite reflectance, fluid inclusions, and I/S mixed layers in clayey sediments). Our analyses suggest that the presently exposed Monte Alpi structure suffered a loading of ca. 4000 m, owing to the emplacement of allochthonous units in Early Pliocene times. Available geological data indicate that erosion of the tectonic load occurred since the Late Pliocene, when the area first emerged. This implies an average exhumation rate in excess of 1 mm/year. A model can be constructed which matches the maturity indices and also takes into account intermediate stages of the evolution, resulting from combined structural and fluid inclusion data. By this model, a first stage of exhumation would have taken place at an average rate of about 0.36 mm/year. This was controlled by uplift and erosion associated with both: (i) thrusting at depth within the Apulian carbonates (Late Pliocene), and (ii) strike-slip faulting (Early Pleistocene). A second exhumation stage would have occurred in the last 700 ky at a much faster rate (ca. 4 mm/year) as a result of extensional tectonics. |
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