Estimating soil moisture and soil thermal and hydraulic properties by assimilating soil temperatures using a particle batch smoother |
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| Institution: | 1. Water Resources Section, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands;2. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA;1. Chair for Numerical Mathematics, Technical University Munich, Boltzmannstraße 3, Garching bei München 85748, Germany;2. Dept. of Hydromechanics and Modelling of Hydrosystems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 61, Stuttgart 70569, Germany;3. Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Realfagbygget, Allégt. 41, Bergen, Norway;1. Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;2. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA;1. Institute of Fluid Mechanics in Civil Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany;2. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;2. Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, Box 90328, NC 27708, USA;1. Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA;3. Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;4. Industrial Technology Research Institute, Information and Communications Research Laboratories, Tainan 70955, Taiwan;1. Applied and Environmental Geophysics Group, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;2. G360 Centre for Applied Groundwater Research, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada |
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| Abstract: | This study investigates the potential of estimating the soil moisture profile and the soil thermal and hydraulic properties by assimilating soil temperature at shallow depths using a particle batch smoother (PBS) using synthetic tests. Soil hydraulic properties influence the redistribution of soil moisture within the soil profile. Soil moisture, in turn, influences the soil thermal properties and surface energy balance through evaporation, and hence the soil heat transfer. Synthetic experiments were used to test the hypothesis that assimilating soil temperature observations could lead to improved estimates of soil hydraulic properties. We also compared different data assimilation strategies to investigate the added value of jointly estimating soil thermal and hydraulic properties in soil moisture profile estimation. Results show that both soil thermal and hydraulic properties can be estimated using shallow soil temperatures. Jointly updating soil hydraulic properties and soil states yields robust and accurate soil moisture estimates. Further improvement is observed when soil thermal properties were also estimated together with the soil hydraulic properties and soil states. Finally, we show that the inclusion of a tuning factor to prevent rapid fluctuations of parameter estimation, yields improved soil moisture, temperature, and thermal and hydraulic properties. |
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