Assessing the potential of REDD+ in a production mangrove forest in Malaysia using stakeholder analysis and ecosystem services mapping |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;2. Office for Environmental Programs and School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;3. School of Geography Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;1. Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351 Col. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico;2. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico;1. Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, and Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China;2. Sichuan Zhonghuanlixin Environmental Protection Consulting Co., Ltd., Bazhong, Sichuan Province 636000, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Dayangfang, Beiyuan, Anwai, Beijing 100012, PR China;4. WasserCluster Lunz Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria;1. University of Cádiz, Campus de Puerto -Real, 11519, Spain;2. FUECA- La Fundación Universidad Empresa de la Provincia de Cádiz, 11003, Cádiz, Spain;3. Department of Applied Limnology and Marine Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, P.O. Box 170-90200, Kitui, Kenya;4. CIMA- Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal;5. NILU-IMPEC, Box 100, 2027, Kjeller, Norway;6. Kenya Wildlife Service, Coast Conservation Area, P.O. Box 82144-80100, Mombasa, Kenya;7. Centre for Advanced Studies in Environmental Law and Policy, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;8. Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa Station, P.O. Box 81651-80100, Mombasa, Kenya;1. Blue Ventures Conservation, Level 2 Annex, Omnibus Business Centre, 39–41 North Road, London N7 9DP, UK;2. Institut Halieutiques et de Science Marines (IH.SM), Université de Toliara, BP141 – Route du Port, Avenue de France, Toliara 601, Madagascar;3. Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK;1. Earth and Environment Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;2. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;3. Radar and Engineering Section, Caltech-Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA |
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| Abstract: | Mangrove forests are ecologically important and carbon-rich coastal ecosystems that provide direct and indirect livelihood support for coastal communities. In recent years there has been increased discussion in the policy and scientific communities over how to include mangrove forests in climate change mitigation initiatives such as REDD+. There are a number of challenges to establishing a successful REDD+ project in mangrove areas, with land tenure and stakeholder entitlements arguably the most challenging. This study examines how REDD+ approaches might be applied to better balance timber production and conservation objectives in the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR), a 40,466 ha mangrove forest area in Malaysia. Stakeholder profiles and needs are linked with ecosystem services to develop an integrated profile of this complex social-ecological system, which has been managed for timber production for more than 100 years, and has recently revealed evidence of declining ecosystem health. The results provide insights into how REDD+ might be operationalised in existing forest areas with traditions of multiple uses, potentially contributing to improved social-ecological outcomes for forests and their diverse stakeholders. |
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| Keywords: | Blue carbon Social-ecological systems Forest governance GIS Climate policy Sustainable development |
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