Fishing selectivity as an instrument to reach management objectives in an ecosystem approach to fisheries |
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| Institution: | 1. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, NOAA Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, United States;2. National Research Council ? Research Associateship Program, United States;2. BioPol, Einbúastíg 2, Skagaströnd, Iceland;1. NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Rd., Juneau, AK 99801, United States;2. University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd., Juneau, AK 99801, United States;3. NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Building 4, Seattle, WA 98115, United States;4. Cornell University, Department of Natural Resources, 111B Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-3001, United States;5. NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, FL 33149, United States;6. University of California Davis, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States;7. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036, United States;1. Thünen Institute for Baltic Sea Fisheries, Alter Hafen Süd 2, Rostock 18069, Germany;2. SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Fishing Gear Technology, Willemoesvej 2, Hirtshals, 9850, Denmark;3. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Aquatic Resources/Institute of Marine Research, Turistgatan 5, Lysekil 453 30, Sweden;4. Norwegian College of Fishery and Aquatic Science, University of Tromsø, 9037 Breivika, Tromsø, Norway;1. DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark, North Sea Science Park, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark;2. SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Fishing Gear Technology, Willemoesvej 2, 9850 Hirtshals, Denmark;3. Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute, Institute of Baltic Sea Fisheries, Alter Hafen S?d 2, 18069 Rostock, Germany |
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| Abstract: | With the development of the ecosystem approach to fisheries, improving fishing selectivity has increasingly been put forward as an objective for management. The aim of this paper is to clarify the limits of fishing selectivity and its use in fisheries management. Fishing selectivity would be better apprehended if restricted to the catching process only, not to the utilisation that is made of the catch once onboard, which falls under catch utilisation. Confusion would be further limited if fishing selectivity is restricted to the fishing operation scale, while exploitation pattern, i.e. the distribution of fishing mortality at the population or community level, applies to larger scales. Fishing selectively is minimizing bycatch – catching primarily the fishing trip targets. Since the ecological consequences of maximising the target catch relative to bycatch remain unknown at integrated scales, fishing selectivity cannot be used as an objective in itself. However, its small scale, high manageability and good understanding make it a convenient instrument to reach management objectives at large scales. Selectivity can serve to manage what is extracted from the ecosystem and thus what can be used, and/or to manage what is left in the ecosystem and how fishing impacts it. Different factors affect fishing selectivity, catch utilisation and exploitation patterns, some of them are manageable and thus can be used to move towards these objectives. Management tools are diverse, but need to be integrated to meet large-scale objectives. The complexity of dealing with large scales incurs a need to develop the available knowledge on exploitation patterns and catch utilisation to be able to adequately manage and monitor progress toward selectivity-related objectives. |
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| Keywords: | Catch-related processes Catch utilisation Exploitation pattern Gear technology Integrated scales Management tools |
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