Voluminous lava flows at Oldoinyo Lengai in 2006: chronology of events and insights into the shallow magmatic system |
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| Authors: | Matthieu Kervyn Gerald G J Ernst Jurgis Klaudius Jörg Keller François Kervyn Hannes B Mattsson Frederic Belton Evelyne Mbede Patric Jacobs |
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| Institution: | (1) Mercator and Ortelius Research Centre for Eruption Dynamics, Department of Geology and Soil Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium;(2) MGI Mineralogisch-Geochemisches Institut, Albert Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany;(3) Royal Museum for Central Africa, Department of Geology–Section of Cartography and Photo-Interpretation, Tervuren, Belgium;(4) Institute for Mineralogy and Petrology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland;(5) Nordic Volcanological Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland;(6) Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA;(7) Department of Geology, University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania |
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| Abstract: | The largest natrocarbonatite lava flow eruption ever documented at Oldoinyo Lengai, NW Tanzania, occurred from March 25 to
April 5, 2006, in two main phases. It was associated with hornito collapse, rapid extrusion of lava covering a third of the
crater and emplacement of a 3-km long compound rubbly pahoehoe to blocky aa-like flow on the W flank. The eruption was followed
by rapid enlargement of a pit crater. The erupted natrocarbonatite lava has high silica content (3% SiO2). The eruption chronology is reconstructed from eyewitness and news media reports and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS) satellite data, which provide the most reliable evidence to constrain the eruption’s onset and variations in activity.
The eruption products were mapped in the field and the total erupted lava volume estimated at 9.2 ± 3.0 × 105 m3. The event chronology and field evidence are consistent with vent construct instability causing magma mixing and rapid extrusion
from shallow reservoirs. It provides new insights into and highlights the evolution of the shallow magmatic system at this
unique natrocarbonatite volcano. |
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| Keywords: | Oldoinyo Lengai Hornito collapse Lava flow Collapse pit MODLEN |
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