| 不同覆盖度沙粒胶结体风蚀抑制效益研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 任宏晶,李生宇,雷加强,樊瑞静,蔡东旭,周杰.不同覆盖度沙粒胶结体风蚀抑制效益研究[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(1):56-63. |
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| 作者姓名： | 任宏晶 李生宇 雷加强 樊瑞静 蔡东旭 周杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐830011；2中国科学院大学，北京100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目（41571011） |
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| 摘 要： | 以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的沙粒胶结体（Sand Cemented
Bodies,SCB）为研究对象，通过野外自然状态下吹蚀不同沙粒胶结体覆盖度的沙盘，计算沙面风蚀（积）量，并对覆盖度与风蚀率、抗风蚀效率的关系进行分析。结果表明：风蚀量随沙粒胶结体覆盖度的增加而减小，随吹蚀时间的增加而增加；当覆盖度大于30%时，沙面发生风沙堆积，且堆积量随覆盖度和吹蚀时间的增加而增加；沙粒胶结体的抗风蚀效率随覆盖度的增加而线性增大。沙面蚀积转化临界覆盖度为30%左右，且该覆盖度下床面抗风蚀效益最佳。通过对比沙粒胶结体抗风蚀效益的风洞模拟和野外实验，表明风况、风速、沙粒胶结体粒径组合不同可导致沙面蚀积差异和临界覆盖度不同。因此，塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地发育的沙粒胶结体具有很好的风蚀抑制功能，可作为流沙固定新措施继续研究开发。
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| 关 键 词： | 沙粒胶结体 野外验证 风蚀量 抗风蚀效率 固沙效益 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-05-21 |
Field experiment about inhibitory effects on wind erosion of sand cemented bodies with different coverage |
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| REN Hong-jing,LI Sheng-yu,LEI Jia-qiang,FAN Rui-jing,CAI Dong-xu,ZHOU Jie.Field experiment about inhibitory effects on wind erosion of sand cemented bodies with different coverage[J].Arid Land Geography,2020,43(1):56-63. |
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| Authors: | REN Hong-jing LI Sheng-yu LEI Jia-qiang FAN Rui-jing CAI Dong-xu ZHOU Jie |
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| Institution: | 1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese
Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;
2 University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China |
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| Abstract: | Taking the sand cemented bodies (SCB) in the
hinterland of Taklimakan Desert, Xinjiang, China, as
the research object, the amounts of wind erosion, accumulation
and anti-erosion efficiency on the surface of sand beds
with different SCB coverage were calculated after the field experiment, and
the relation between coverage and wind erosion or anti erosion
efficiency was analyzed. The results of the
field experiment and wind tunnel simulation were compared and analyzed at the
same time. The results showed that the amount of erosion
was decreased with the increasing degree of SCB coverage and was increased with
the increasing deflation time. When the coverage was
0%-10%, the
surface of sand beds were wind eroded with different deflation time. The
sand blown by the wind accumulated on the sand surface when the coverage is
greater than 30%, and the accumulation was increased with the
increase of coverage and deflation time. The
efficiency of anti wind erosion of SCB was increased
linearly with the increase of the coverage. The
critical coverage is about 30% for the sand surface erosion which means the
best effect of anti wind erosion of the sand bed is
achieved. The field experimental results were consistent
with the wind tunnel simulation that the SCB can improve the ability of anti wind erosion of sand beds, and
SCB can also capture sand from wind drift sand to generate aeolian
accumulation at a given coverage. The
wind erosion rate was increased with the increasing wind speed. The
bigger the wind speed was, the bigger the
critical coverage when erosion was transformed to accumulation will be. However, there
were some differences between the field experiment and wind tunnel simulation. Under
the conditions of field experiment, the critical coverage
was greater than that in the wind tunnel simulation, and
for the erosion rate it was the opposite. This
was caused by the different wind conditions, wind
speeds and particle sizes of the SCBs as revealed by the comparison between the
field experiment and the wind tunnel simulation. It
was concretely represented in three aspects: Firstly, the
wind speed and direction were kept stable in the wind tunnel simulation, while
the wind was changeable and complex in the field; secondly, the
wind speed in the wind tunnel simulation was higher than the wind velocity
threshold for sand emission in the field; and thirdly in the wind tunnel
simulation, the same coverage experimental sample was used
to place the SCBs of the same particle size range, while
the SCB of different particle sizes were collected and placed in the field
experiment to reflect its true distribution in nature. In
conclusion, the SCB developed in the hinterland of Taklimakan
Desert has a good inhibition of wind erosion and can be used as a new measure
for quicksand fixation in the desert. |
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| Keywords: | sand cemented bodies field verification wind erosion amount anti-erosion efficiency sand-fixing benefits |
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