| 中国北方晚更新世人类的适应变迁与辐射 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 陈胜前.中国北方晚更新世人类的适应变迁与辐射[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(4):522-533. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 陈胜前 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京,100044 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 晚更新世是现代人在全球建立全面的生态优势的时期。中国北方有比较丰富的发现,但现有的材料和研究没有能够回答人类此时的生计状态、适应模式和环境联系。文章从行为重建和生态学的角度考察,将中国北方晚更新世的人类适应置于欧亚大陆整体人类演化框架中来考虑,重新审查已有的发现,提出中国旧石器时代晚期可以分为两个阶段:以骨角工具、装饰品和更精制的石器组合为代表的早段(EUP)和以细石叶工艺为代表的晚段(LUP);并确定中国北方晚更新世人类适应至少经历两次革命性的变化,同时存在至少4种适应模式;而且其地域化的特征是从早到晚加强。人类的适应辐射则主要表现于人口的扩张,特别是向极端环境的殖民,技术模式的迅速转换和地域化特征的加强。
|
| 关 键 词： | 适应变迁 适应辐射 旧石器晚期革命 细石叶工艺 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-7410（2006）04-522-12 |
| 收稿时间： | 2006-04-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-04-30 |
ENVIRONMENT ADAPTATION AND DIFFUSION OF NORTH CHINA HUMANS IN LATE PLEISTOCENE |
| |
| Chen Shengqian.ENVIRONMENT ADAPTATION AND DIFFUSION OF NORTH CHINA HUMANS IN LATE PLEISTOCENE[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(4):522-533. |
| |
| Authors: | Chen Shengqian |
| |
| Institution: | Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044 |
| |
| Abstract: | It is in the Late Pleistocene that modern humans globally established their exclusive domination in the ecological system of the Earth.A large number of archaeological sites of that time has been discovered in North China,published data and current research,however,have not yet been able to answer in details the living situation and environment adaptive patterns of human beings of that time in that area.From a cultural-ecological perspective,based on Eurasian human evolution,this study analyzes the environment adaptation of human beings in North China.Based on the review of the Upper Paleolithic discoveries,a division of two stages is proposed for the development of the Upper Paleolithic in North China: the Early Upper Paleolithic(EUP) characterized by bone-antler tools,decorated materials,and a better retouched lithic assemblages;and the Late Upper Paleolithic(LUP) represented by the microblade technology.During human evolutionary process of Late Pleistocene in North China,at least two revolutionary changes namely the "Upper Paleolithic Revolution" and the "Food Production Revolution" of human adaptation have been recognized.In comparison with the Upper Paleolithic innovations in the western side of the Eurasian continent,it has been found out that North China displayed most of those features that characterized a revolutionary change of adaptation of the Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers.Observations have indicated that the Upper Paleolithic techno-cultural complex in North China had manifested the following tendencies: 1) Hunter-gatherers attempted to cover geographical regions as large as possible, responding to the resource decreasing and population increasing with the termination of the Last Glacier Maximum(LGM).2) They created toolkits with high versatility and portability to adapt to their frequent migration.3) High maintainability of toolkits was also stressed as their migration habit increased.4) To enhance the efficiency of tools is another crucial factor which fitted the increased seasonality of resources leading to more risk and uncertainty of food hunting.5) Interestingly,they did not pay much attention to the durability of tools until LUP when part of hunter-gatherers tended to settle down.The emergence of microblade technology sufficiently proves these tendencies at that time in the eastern side of Eurasian continent.During the Late Pleistocene period in North China,there are at least four environment adaptive patterns responding to local ecological condition changes,that is,the Shuidonggou Pattern that represents a specialized hunting strategy in the transitional zone between forest and grassland,the Upper Cave-Oriental Square-Xiaonanhai(UOX) Pattern in which plant resource utility was enhanced,the Shiyu Pattern that intermediates between the former two patterns,and the Xiaogushan Pattern that initialized aquatic resource utility.The differentiation of adaptive patterns highly corresponds to local environmental changes.Furthermore,with the termination of Pleistocene the number of regional stone tool industries increased and tools varied in a higher degree with clearer regional style.Human diffusion of Late Pleistocene in North China has the following four main aspects: 1) The possible twice enterings of the Upper Paleolithic Revolution into the New World,respectively before the LGM and slightly before Holocene;2) the invention of microblade technology and its rapid radiation into Eastern Eurasia and Northwestern America;3) the regionalization of hunter-gatherers;4) the initial development of food production at the end of Pleistocene and the followed population diffusion,especially into extreme environments. |
| |
| Keywords: | environment adaptation diffusion the Upper Paleolithic Revolution microblade technology |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 维普 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《第四纪研究》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《第四纪研究》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
