Environmental impact on construction limestone at humid regions with an emphasis on salt weathering,Al-hambra islamic archaeological site,Granada City,Spain: case study |
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| Authors: | G M E Kamh |
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| Institution: | (1) Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | Al-hambra is an immense and valuable archaeological site in Spain built on Sabika hill with red brick and natural sandy limestone.
It exhibits weathering features indicating salt weathering process. The main aim of this study is to examine weathering processes
and intensity acting on Al-hambra. Rock petrography and mineralogical composition have been examined using thin sections,
scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence; limits of rock’s physical parameters using ultrasonic
waves and mercury porosimeter; rock salt content through hydrochemical analysis. Salts attacking this structure are mainly
from wet deposition of air pollutants on the long term chemical alteration of rock’s carbonate content to its equivalent salts.
The salts’ concentration limit within the examined rock samples is considerably low but it is effective on the long run through
hydration of sulphate salts and/or crystallization of chloride salts. Rock texture type and its silica as well as clay content
reduces its resistance to internal stresses by salts as well as wetting and drying cycles at such humid area. The recession
in limits of physical parameters examined for deep seated and weathered limestone samples quantitatively reflects weathering
intensity on Al-hambra. |
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| Keywords: | Salt weathering Weting and drying Red brick and limestone |
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