Fluid systems and fracture development during syn-depositional fold growth: An example from the Pico del Aguila anticline,Sierras Exteriores,southern Pyrenees,Spain |
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| Institution: | 1. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7193, ISTEP, F-75005 Paris, France;2. CNRS, UMR 7193, F-75005 Paris, France;3. School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gregory Building, Lilybank Gardens, G128QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom;4. Université Toulouse III – Paul-Sabatier, Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR 5563, 14 av. Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France;1. Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan;2. Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell''Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università Federico II, Napoli, Italy;2. NEXT-Natural and Experimental Tectonics Research Group, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra \"Macedonio Melloni\", Università di Parma, Parma, Italy;3. Institut de Recerca Geomodels, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de L''Oceà, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n 08028, Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | This paper reports an integrated, spatio-temporal analysis of the fracture-controlled paleo-fluid system in the Pico del Aguila anticline, a N–S trending fold located in the Sierras Exteriores, the southern front of the Spanish Pyrenees. Eight fracture sets (joints or faults) are recognized throughout the fold and are separated into a fracture sequence that is defined using field relationships and the remarkable temporal constraints offered by the syn-tectonic sedimentary deposits. This fracture sequence records a complex Paleocene to Early Oligocene structural evolution, including map-view, clockwise rotation and tilting of the fold axis. The geochemical analysis of calcite cements from the different mineralized fracture/vein sets reveals a compartmentalized fluid system during most of fold development. This initial paleofluid system was later perturbed when bending-related fractures associated with foreland flexure and outer arc extension triggered small-scale, vertical fluid migration. Fractures developed in shallow strata facilitated downward migration of surficial fluids that controlled the paleo-fluid system in the Late Priabonian/Stampian continental deposits. The study of the Pico del Aguila anticline depicts for the first time the evolution of a fluid system in a shallow, syn-depositional compressional setting, and results further strengthen the statement that fluids migrate vertically across stratigraphic boundaries take place during fold hinge-related deformation. |
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| Keywords: | Fluid system Syn-sedimentary fold development Pyrenean foreland Fracture population Sierras Exteriores Pico del Aguila anticline |
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