| 陆相生油与核子地质学──纪念侯德封教授逝世15周年 |
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| 引用本文： | 王先彬.陆相生油与核子地质学──纪念侯德封教授逝世15周年[J].第四纪研究,1995,15(4):310-315. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王先彬 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院兰州地质研究所 |
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| 摘 要： | 陆相生油理论的发展和勘探实践的突破，使中国摆脱了贫油的困境。本世纪３０—４０年代，中国诸多的学者相继提出了陆相沉积层生油的见解。５０年代后期，侯德封教授提出内陆深湖坳陷盆地和长期坳陷有利于生油的论述。从西北地区总结出来的陆相生油理论，有益于中国其他地区的石油地质勘探。侯德封教授深刻关注到天然核过程在地球演化历程中所起的重要作用，三十多年来该研究领域取得的进展，显示了侯德封教授提出“核子地质学”的重要科学意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 内陆潮湿坳陷 天然核反应 稀有气体 |
TERRESTRIAL PETROLEUM GENERATION AND NUCLEAR GEOLOGY: IN COMMEMORATION OF THE 15th ANNIVERSARIES OF PROFESSOR HOU DEFENG'S DEATH |
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| Institution: | Lanzhou Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | The development of the terrestrial theory on petroleum generation and its breakthrough in exploration have extricated China from its oil-poor predicament. From 1930s to 1940s, a great number of Chinese scientists put forward one after another a concept on oil generation from terrestrial deposits. In the late 1950s, Prof. Hou Defeng stated that inland deep-lake basins and permanent depressions were advantageous to oil generation. In his long-term geological studies, Prof. Hou Defeng had paid great attentions to the controlling effects of paleoclimate on material distribution, to the close combination of palaeontology, sedimentology and geochemistry,and to the influence of paleoclimatic cycles over the formation and distribution of oil and gas reserviors. The concept of “inland humid depression”, one of the major ideas of the theory on terrestrial petroleum generation, takes the evolution of sedimentary organic matter as a fundamental condition for oil-gas formation and paleoclimate as an important factor to influence oil-gas generation and distribution in terrestrial deposits, emphasizing the significance of depression and humid or semihumid climates in oil and gas formation. Prof. Hou Defeng pointed out explicitly that oil in nonmarine strata was generated in inland humid geotectogenes and both oil and coal in continental basins were formed under humid climates conditions.40 years ago, the point of view on “oil-poor in China” gave the oil industry of China grey prospects. At that time, it was commonly accepted that oil was unable to be generated from terrestrial sedimentary strata. Moreover, vast areas in China were covered by continental formations and frequent crust movements in China were unfavourable to oil generation and accumulation. However, the theory on terrestrial petroleum generation summrized on the basis of the oil exploration in Northwest China smashed the trammels of this conventional viewpoint and guided the petroleum geological survey in East China. The discovery of the Daqing oilfield further demonstrated that the continental sedimentary formation could not only generate oil but also form giant oilfields.The success of the 40-years oil and gas exploration in continental basins of China has repeatedly proved that oil and gas fields are unexceptionally distributed within the centers of oil-generating depressions or adjacent areas. Owing to the quick transformation of factes in continental deposits, oil and gas usually accumulate in traps within or near oil-generating depressions when they, without long-distance migration, entered reservoirs. Therefore, the oil-generating depression is a main factor controlling oil and gas formation as well as oil and gas field distribution. One oilgenerating depression is also an oil-gas accumulating district. This theory has played a very important role in the oil and gas exploration in Mesozoic and Cenozoic nonmarine basins of China.When Prof. Hou Defeng systematically studied macrogeological phenomena and geological processes and at the same time paid great attentions to the important action of natural nuclear processes in the earth evolution. In the late 1950s, he putforward a concept of Nuclear Geology. He clearly and definitely stated that some ore-forming elements assemblages in many metallic ore deposits (such as REE, W,Nb, Ta and Zr) were related to the fission of heavy radioactive elements (such as U, Th, Pu). He systematically calculated the contribution of the radioactive nuclear energy to geothermal energy in various evolution stages of the Earth, and found that the radioactive nuclear energy dramatically affected and controlled the earth's evolution history. Meanwhile, he discussed the geological and geochemical significance of the natural nuclear process and its products. He also noticed the natural heavy radioactive isotopes, such as 239Pu and 244Pu, which were not found from natural substance of the Earth at that time but were confirmed later. In 1972, the discovery of the Ohio natural nuclear reactor further demonstrated the scientific significance |
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