| 核子在地学中的应用与发展──缅怀导师侯德封先生 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘嘉麒.核子在地学中的应用与发展──缅怀导师侯德封先生[J].第四纪研究,1995,15(4):316-323. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘嘉麒 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地质研究所 |
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| 摘 要： | 核子是组成物质的基本粒子。自然界物质千差万别，就其本质来说是由核子决定的。对核子的研究不仅是物理学，也是地学及其它自然科学的一个主题。核子理论在地学中得到广泛应用。侯德封先生提出的核子地质学，开拓了地学研究的新领域。核转变能是地质作用的主要动力，放射性衰变规律为地球演化建立了准确时钟，同位素分馏为探讨地球演化、环境变迁提供了重要依据，同位素示踪是地质探测、环境监测的重要手段，核子地质学把地球科学与基础物理学、天文学、古气候学及其它科学和现代技术紧密地结合在一起。
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| 关 键 词： | 核子 核子地质学 放射性 同位素分馏 |
NUCLEAR APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN GEOSCIENCE:IN MEMORY OF MY SUPERVISOR PROFESSOR HOU DEFENG |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | Nucleon is the elementary particle consisting of material, and defining the natures of immense variety of material. To study on nucleons is not only an immortal subject in physics, but in geoscience and other nature sciences. Nuclear geology prompted by Professor Hou Defeng opened up new research area in geoscience in China. The major ideas of nuclear geology generally are that the nuclear conversions in the Earth make the original elements and isotopes to be converted into the new substances in accordance with the some geochemical regularity, which is main cause for the geochemical compositions update;and change in the Earth. The processes of the nuclear conversions must accompany with release of energy, which is the main energy source of the Earth evolution that include radioactive decay energy,nuclear fission energy and nuclear reaction energy. Only those nuclides which have half-life from 106 to 1010 years can play an important role in the Earth evolution,their decay energy could reach about 5.1×1020 23×1020cal/year. Nuclear fission can release either large amount of energy or neutrons, resulting in chain reaction,for example, neutron induced fission of 235U is the most important energy source among nuclear energies. Based on the processes of radioactive decay, radiogenic fission track, and the phenomena of crystal injures caused by the natural radiation,some radiometric dating methods have been established, such as 14C dating, TL and ESR dating etc. These dating methods can provide accurate time scales for study of the Earth evolution and paleoclimatic changes, isotopic fractionation effect has also been becoming the important bases for these studies. The application of oxygen isotope of deep sea sediment provide us an useful proxy indicating the paleoclimatic changes. Cosmogenic nuclides, such as 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, can be used to date the erosion of earth surface, glaciation and deglaciation, the formation and exposure ages of geological bodies. Isotopic tracer has been widely applied on environmental monitoring and other research fields. Nuclear geology has become the symbol that link geoscience closely with other nature sciences and modern technique. |
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