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Transforming management of tropical coastal seas to cope with challenges of the 21st century
Authors:Peter F Sale  Tundi Agardy  Cameron H Ainsworth  Blake E Feist  Johann D Bell  Patrick Christie  Ove Hoegh-Guldberg  Peter J Mumby  David A Feary  Megan I Saunders  Tim M Daw  Simon J Foale  Phillip S Levin  Kenyon C Lindeman  Kai Lorenzen  Robert S Pomeroy  Edward H Allison  RH Bradbury  Jennifer Corrin  Alasdair J Edwards  David O Obura  Yvonne J Sadovy de Mitcheson  Melita A Samoilys  Charles RC Sheppard
Institution:1. Institute for Water, Environment and Health, United Nations University, 175 Longwood Rd, Hamilton, ON L8P0A1, Canada;2. Sound Seas, Bethesda, MD 20816, USA;3. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA;4. Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA;5. Fisheries, Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems Division, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, B.P. D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia;6. School of Marine and Environmental Affairs and Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6715, USA;g Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia;h School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia;i School of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;j Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;k School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7HU, UK;l School of Arts and Social Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;m Dept. of Education & Interdisciplinary Studies, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA;n School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA;o Agricultural and Resource Economics/CT Sea Grant, University of Connecticut-Avery Point, Groton, CT 06340, USA;p Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;q Centre for Public, International and Comparative Law, and TC Beirne School of Law, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia;r School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;s CORDIO East Africa, BOX 10135, Mombasa 80101, Kenya;t Swire Institute of Marine Science, University of Hong Kong, Cape d’Aguilar Road, Shek O, Hong Kong, China;u School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Abstract:Over 1.3 billion people live on tropical coasts, primarily in developing countries. Many depend on adjacent coastal seas for food, and livelihoods. We show how trends in demography and in several local and global anthropogenic stressors are progressively degrading capacity of coastal waters to sustain these people. Far more effective approaches to environmental management are needed if the loss in provision of ecosystem goods and services is to be stemmed. We propose expanded use of marine spatial planning as a framework for more effective, pragmatic management based on ocean zones to accommodate conflicting uses. This would force the holistic, regional-scale reconciliation of food security, livelihoods, and conservation that is needed. Transforming how countries manage coastal resources will require major change in policy and politics, implemented with sufficient flexibility to accommodate societal variations. Achieving this change is a major challenge – one that affects the lives of one fifth of humanity.
Keywords:Tropical coastal fishery  Coastal resource management  Coral reef  Marine spatial planning  Global change  Socio-ecological management
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