Status,challenges and pathways to the sustainable use of wild species |
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| Institution: | 1. MARBEC, University of Montpellier, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sète, France;2. Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Burlington, VT, United States;3. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;4. Krishi Bounty Private Limited, Chennai, India;5. Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway;6. Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal;7. Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (FRB-CESAB), Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, Montpellier, France;8. Department of Biological Oceanography, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;9. Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Paris, France;10. Department of Environmental Sciences, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;11. Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom;12. Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang Campus, Republic of Korea;13. Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;14. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;15. Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Mānoa, United States;p. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The use of wild species is extensive in both high- and low-income countries. At least 50,000 wild species are used by billions of people around the world for food, energy, medicine, material, education or recreation, contributing significantly to efforts to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, overexploitation remains a major threat to many wild species. Ensuring and enhancing the sustainability of use of wild species is thus essential for human well-being and biodiversity conservation. Globally, the use of wild species is increasing due to growing human demand and efficiency, but its sustainability varies and depends on the social-ecological contexts in which the use occurs. Multiple environmental and social (including economic) drivers affect the sustainability of use of wild species, posing major current and future challenges. In particular, climate change has already increased the vulnerability of many uses and is expected to increase it further in the coming decades, while global and illegal trades are, in many cases, key drivers of unsustainability. There is no single “silver bullet” policy to address these and other major challenges in the sustainable use of wild species. Rather, effective policies need to integrate inclusive actions at multiple scales that adopt right-based approaches, pay attention to equitable distribution of access and costs and benefits, employ participatory processes, strengthen monitoring programs, build robust customary or government institutions and support context-specific policies, as well as adaptive management. |
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| Keywords: | Sustainability Biodiversity Wild animals Wild plants IPBES |
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