Mineralogical and microtextural parameters in metals ores traceability studies |
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| Institution: | 1. Institut des Sciences de la Terre d''Orléans (ISTO), Université d''Orléans/CNRS-INSU/BRGM, UMR 7327, 1A rue de la Férollerie 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France;2. Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Direction des Géoressources (DGR/MIN), 3 avenue Claude Guillemin BP 36009 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France;3. Now in Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources lab., UMR 7359, Bât. A, 2 rue du doyen Marcel Roubault 54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;4. 16 Allée du Houx 45160 Olivet, France;1. College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China;2. College of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710054, China;3. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Corporation, North-west Bureau of Geological for Non-ferrous Metals, China, Xi’an, Shanxi, 710068, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Earth Science, V.O., 10 line, 33, St. Petersburg, 199178, Russia;2. Institute of Soil Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany;3. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, per. Staromonetnyi 29, Moscow, 119017, Russia;4. ETH Zurich, Institute for Geotechnical Engineering, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;5. St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, 29 Politekhnicheskaya, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia;1. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;1. Graduate school of engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan;2. Research center for functional materials, National Institute for Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan;3. Nuclear fuel cycle engineering laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1194, Japan;4. Faculty of engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The demand in mineral resources is increasing rapidly, but there is a lack of transparency in the trade of concentrated raw mineral materials because of speculation and involvement in the finance of armed conflicts. Because of the distance between primary extraction and the final production sites it is difficult to check the origin of these products. An identity card is required for mineral commodities, so that trading in the industry can be verified and the traceability of concentrates ensured. This problem may be considered as an inversion process: studying the products sold to identify the original ore. The discriminant parameters are mineralogical composition, identification of textural microfacies of the target minerals, “pseudo-paragenetic sequence”, and the contents and distribution of minor elements of target minerals. For base metal, the selected target minerals are pyrite, for its ubiquity, sphalerite for its ability to host numerous discriminant and potentially valuable minor elements in its lattice and chalcopyrite for its proximity with the two other minerals. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov distance and the Colin–White test are used to compare the chemical composition of the three target minerals. The application to Volcanic Massive Sulfide ore deposits shows that it is possible to distinguish pyrite, sphalerite and chalcopyrite between two ore deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt province and seven ore deposits from the Urals province using the selected characteristics. Ore deposits from different provinces may be discriminated using the identity cards, as well as different deposits in the same province. |
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