Geological characteristics and metallogenesis of iron deposits in western Tianshan,China |
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| Institution: | 1. MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;2. The Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Development of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China;3. No.3 Team of the Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Development of Xinjiang, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China;1. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang''an University, Xi''an 710054, China;2. Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;3. Department of Geology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B5E1, Canada;1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Koptyuga ave. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;4. Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;5. Shandong Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Resource Utilization in Metallic Minerals, Key Laboratory of Gold Mineralization Processes and Resources Utilization Subordinated to the Ministry of Land and Resources, Shandong Geological Sciences Institute, Jinan 250013, China;6. State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | The western Tianshan metallogenic belt is one of the most significant polymetallic iron metallogenic belts in China. Important advances have been achieved recently in iron exploration in the Awulale Mountain in western Tianshan, China. These newly-discovered iron deposits are mainly hosted in the basic-medium andesitic lavas and volcaniclastics, often comprising a number of high-grade ores. Magnetite is predominated in ore mineral assemblages, and pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite or sphalerite increase in certain deposits. Wallrock alterations are intensively developed, exemplified as sodic–calcic and potassic alterations which display in different patterns as country rocks and ore-controlled structures vary. Skarn assemblages are commonly developed in ore districts like Beizhan, Dunde and Chagangnuoer, and pyroxene + albite + K-feldspar ? epidote + actinolite alterations are dominated around ore bodies in Zhibo deposit, whereas the Shikebutai deposit develops alteration assemblages comprising of jasper, barite, sericite, and chlorite. Thus, iron deposits can be divided into three types including volcanic-sedimentary type, volcanic magmatic-hydrothermal type and iron skarn type. Our preliminary interpretation about the tectonic background of this iron mineralization in this area is in the late stage of a collisional–accretional orogenic belt around Carboniferous, with some extrusional–extensional tectonic transition locally. Iron mineralization is likely to have a close genetic relationship with volcanic–subvolcanic activity, syn- or slightly post- the volcanism which took place besides continental arc. Volcanic eruption contributes to majority of mineralizing iron, with minor extracted from hydrothermal replacement from wall rocks. |
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