| 气候变化对冰冻圈国家领土博弈的地缘影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王萍,杜德斌.气候变化对冰冻圈国家领土博弈的地缘影响[J].地理研究,2022,41(8):2076-2091. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王萍 杜德斌 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华东师范大学世界地理与地缘战略研究中心,上海 2000622.太原师范学院地理科学学院,晋中 0306193.华东师范大学全球创新与发展研究院,上海 200062 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院战略性先导科技（A类）专项(XDA20100308) |
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| 摘 要： | 冰冻圈变化的自然过程影响着国家领土博弈地缘关系的建构。基于人地关系思想,以变化-影响-适应为主线建立气候变化影响下冰冻圈国家领土博弈的研究框架,分析自然因素对冰冻圈地缘结构的塑造和对冰冻圈国家身份-利益的建构,以及极地海权、陆权和其他地区领土博弈所形成的双多边地缘关系。研究结果：① 冰冻圈领土博弈地缘结构初步形成。理念层面,自然要素成为气候政治的力量之一,冰冻圈领土博弈体现出传统地缘逻辑;空间层面,气候变化释放极地、高山等新运筹空间,北极、南极成为大国博弈焦点;物质层面,极地海权和陆权利益是大国博弈的主要目标。② 冰冻圈国家身份-利益影响其冰冻圈地缘政治行为,其身份认同的客观基础之一是在冰冻圈分布结构的相对位置。③ 冰冻圈国家领土博弈地缘关系有“趋利”“避害”两类。“利”指为赢得极地海权、陆权,气候变化下西方大国和地区大国开始争夺南北极200海里外大陆架权属,加强极地实质性“硬、软存在”战略布局,美国和丹麦强化格陵兰岛北极战略支点作用;“害”指冰冻圈灾害引起的跨境气候移民等国家利益受损问题。
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| 关 键 词： | 冰冻圈 冰冻圈国家 气候变化 北极 南极 领土 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-11-02 |
The geopolitical impact of the territorial game on cryospheric countries due to climate change |
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| WANG Ping,DU Debin.The geopolitical impact of the territorial game on cryospheric countries due to climate change[J].Geographical Research,2022,41(8):2076-2091. |
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| Authors: | WANG Ping DU Debin |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for World Geography and Geostrategy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China2. School of Geographical Sciences, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi, China3. Institute of Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China |
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| Abstract: | The natural process of cryosphere changes affects the formation of national territorial geopolitical relations. Based on man-land relationship and the relationship of climate change, climate influence and its adaptation, a research framework for cryosphere national territorial games under the influence of climate change has been established, where the cryosphere territorial geopolitical order is given, including the conceptual structure, spatial structure and material structure. What's more, we analyze the country's identity of interests on the game, and further the geo-relationship on sea power and land power at Arctic and Antarctic. Research results are as follows: (1) The geopolitical institutions of the cryosphere have initially formed. At the conceptual level, which embodies the logic of traditional geopolitical theories, with nature being one of the forces of climate politics worldwide. At the spatial level, Arctic and Antarctic are the focal areas of the game between great powers when climate change turns the Arctic, Antarctic, and high mountains into new operational space for mankind. On the material level, the sea and land powers of Arctic and Antarctic are the main goals. (2) The relative position of a country in the cryosphere is the objective basis for a country to judge its own identity and interests in the cryosphere of other countries. (3) There are two types of geopolitical relations in the territorial game of cryospheric countries: “seeking advantage” and “avoiding harm”. “Advantage” refers to the fact that in order to win polar sea and land rights, world and regional powers under climate change have begun to compete for the ownership of the continental shelf 200 nautical miles away from the Antarctic and Arctic and the strategic layout. The polar regions have substantive “hard and soft existence”, and the United States and Denmark strengthen the role of Greenland as a strategic fulcrum. "Harm" refers to issues such as cross-border climate migration caused by cryosphere disasters. |
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| Keywords: | cryosphere cryospheric country climate change Arctic Antarctic territory |
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