| 人类活动影响下的青海湖流域生态系统服务空间格局 |
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| 引用本文： | 连喜红,祁元,王宏伟,张金龙,杨瑞.人类活动影响下的青海湖流域生态系统服务空间格局[J].冰川冻土,2019,41(5):1254-1263. |
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| 作者姓名： | 连喜红 祁元 王宏伟 张金龙 杨瑞 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 甘肃省遥感重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000;中国科学院大学,北京 100049;中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 甘肃省遥感重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项（XDA20100101）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 人类活动改变生态格局和变化，进而影响生态系统服务。因此，探讨人类活动影响下的生态系统服务空间格局，对于区域生态安全、可持续发展和人类福祉等至关重要。以青海湖流域为研究区，基于InVEST模型计算了流域2018年产水量、水质净化、生境质量、土壤保持和碳储量五种生态系统服务，并分析了不同生态系统服务的空间自相关性、相互关系以及人类活动影响下的空间格局。结果表明：流域生境质量整体较好，土壤流失整体较小。碳储量受植被覆盖的影响存在明显空间差异。农业生态系统和城镇生态系统氮、磷负荷较高。产水量环湖区和山区差异明显；产水量、碳储量和生境质量的Moran's I分别为0.786、0.742和0.705，空间聚集性最强，氮负荷最弱；协同关系主要表现在氮负荷与磷负荷、碳储量与生境质量、产水量与土壤流失之间。权衡关系主要是生境质量与产水量和氮负荷，碳储量与产水量和土壤流失之间；碳储量、生境质量和土壤流失随人类活动的增强呈现递减趋势。氮、磷负荷随人类活动的增强呈现递增趋势。人类活动通过改变不透水表面进而影响产水量。通过高分辨率遥感影像精细化定量描述人类活动以及详细探讨人类活动影响下各生态系统服务空间格局、聚集程度，可为流域科学评价生态系统服务、生态环境保护及可持续发展提供依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 青海湖流域 人类活动 InVEST模型 生态系统服务 空间格局 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-14 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-09-20 |
Spatial pattern of ecosystem services under the influence of human activities in Qinghai Lake watershed |
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| LIAN Xihong,QI Yuan,WANG Hongwei,ZHANG Jinlong,YANG Rui.Spatial pattern of ecosystem services under the influence of human activities in Qinghai Lake watershed[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2019,41(5):1254-1263. |
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| Authors: | LIAN Xihong QI Yuan WANG Hongwei ZHANG Jinlong YANG Rui |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Human activities change ecological patterns and changes, which in turn affect ecosystem services. Therefore, exploring the spatial pattern of ecosystem services under the influence of human activities is crucial for regional ecological security, sustainable development and human well-being. In this paper, the Qinghai Lake watershed is used as the research area. Based on the InVEST model, five ecosystem services such as water yield, water purification, habitat quality, soil conservation and carbon storage were calculated. The spatial autocorrelation, Interrelationships and spatial patterns under the influence of human activities were analyzed. The results show that:(1) The habitat quality was generally good, and the soil loss was small. There were significant spatial differences in carbon storage, which affected by vegetation cover. The load of nitrogen and phosphorus was high in agricultural ecosystem and urban ecosystem. The difference of water yield between lake area and mountain area was obvious; (2) Moran's I of water yield, carbon storage and habitat quality were 0.786, 0.742 and 0.705, respectively. Their spatial aggregation was the strongest, and the nitrogen load was the weakest; (3) The synergies were mainly between nitrogen load and phosphorus load, carbon storage and habitat quality, water yield and soil loss. The trade-offs were mainly between habitat quality and water yield and nitrogen load, carbon storage and water yield and soil loss. (4) Carbon storage, habitat quality and soil loss showed a decreasing trend with the enhancement of human activities. The load of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increase of human activities. Human activities affect water yield by altering impermeable surfaces. This study described the human activities by high-resolution remote sensing images, and the spatial pattern and aggregation degree of ecosystem services under the influence of human activities were discussed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for scientific assessment of ecosystem service, ecological environment protection and sustainable development of watershed. |
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| Keywords: | Qinghai Lake watershed human activity InVEST model ecosystem services spatial pattern |
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