| 新近纪以来中国构造演化特征与天然气田的分布格局 |
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| 引用本文： | 王庭斌.新近纪以来中国构造演化特征与天然气田的分布格局[J].地学前缘,2004,11(4):403-416. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王庭斌 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国石化,石油勘探开发研究院,北京,100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家“十五”科技攻关课题“我国油气工业上游发展战略研究”( 2 0 0 1BA60 5A 1) |
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| 摘 要： | 中国地处三大板块间的三角地带 ,是世界上新近纪以来构造运动活跃地区之一 ,与油气成藏及保存条件相关的主要特征是 :(1)在西部 ,古老造山带的重新活跃 ,在其前缘形成前陆盆地及逆冲构造 ,新近纪以来的急剧沉降、快速沉积 ,促进了深部源岩有机质的演化进程 ,也为生物气藏的形成创造了有利的地质条件 ;(2 )多期次的构造热事件及高热流值促进了有机质的快速演化、成藏 ,以及异常高压及泥拱等特殊构造的形成 ;(3)多期次构造运动为油气的快速运聚、幕式充注成藏提供了优质输导系统 ,为超晚期快速成藏提供了储聚场所 ;(4 )大断裂、岩浆及深部热流体的活动 ,不仅促进有机成因油气藏的形成 ,也是无机成因气的主要释放和聚集时期。新近纪以来构造演化特征在西部影响最广泛 ,也最深刻 ,形成的前陆盆地是中国重要天然气聚集区之一 ,是这些盆地本部气藏最终形成、定型时期 ,并在造山带内形成了近百个小型断陷盆地 ,形成了新的油气勘探领域。在中部 ,是四川盆地所有气田最终的形成、定型时期 ;在鄂尔多斯盆地促进了靖边至乌审旗地区天然气进一步富集。在东部 ,渤海海域形成一批大中型油气田 ,促进了其他盆地 (坳陷 )不同成因气藏的形成 ;在近海海域 ,既促进了有机成因气藏快速形成 ,也促进了无机成因非烃气藏以及无?
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| 关 键 词： | 中国 新近纪以来 构造演化特征 天然气 分布格局 |
| 文章编号： | 1005-2321(2004)04-0403-14 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年3月20日 |
Characteristics of tectonic evolution in China since Neogene and the distribution pattern of natural gas |
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| WANG Ting-bin.Characteristics of tectonic evolution in China since Neogene and the distribution pattern of natural gas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2004,11(4):403-416. |
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| Authors: | WANG Ting-bin |
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| Abstract: | China is located in a triangular zone surrounded by three major plates. It is one of the tectonic active areas since the Neogene in the world. The major characteristics related to reservoir and preservation of hydrocarbons are as follows. (1) In western China, the reactivation of paleo-orogenic belts resulted in the formation of Chinese style foreland basins and overthrust structures in their leading edges. The drastic subsidence and rapid sedimentation since the Neogene would not only accelerate the evolution process of organic matters in the deeply buried source rocks, but also create favorable geologic conditions for the formation of biogenic gas reservoirs. (2) Multiple tectono-thermal events and high heat-flow values have promoted the rapid evolution of organic matters and reservoir forming process, as well as the formation of abnormally high pressures and mud diapers and other specific structures. (3) Multistaged tectonic movements would be favorable to the rapid migration and episodic charging and storing of hydrocarbons; they would also provide the sites favorable for super-late and rapid reservoir formation. (4) Major faults, magmatism and activity of hot fluid at depths would not only promote the formation of organic-origin oil and gas reservoirs, but also accelerate the major expulsion and accumulation of inorganic-origin gas. The characteristics of tectonic evolution since the Neogene have the most extensive and profound effects in western China where the foreland basins have become one of our important gas accumulation province. It is also the final period of formation or finalized period of gas reservoirs in those basins. About one hundred small faulted basins within the orogenic belts become our new domain of oil and gas exploration. In central China, all the gas fields in Sichuan basin have been finally formed and finalized during this period; and in Ordos basin, natural gas has been further enriched in Jingbian-Wushenqi area during this period. In eastern China, a series of large- and medium-sized oil and gas fields have been formed in Bohai sea area, and gas reservoirs of various origins have also been formed in other basins or depressions. In the offshore area, the Neogene tectonic movements have not only promoted the rapid formation of organic-origin gas reservoirs, but also accelerated the formation of inorganic-origin gas reservoirs, which constitute the reservoir model with unique characteristics. From our studies, we conclude that owing to the specific geological conditions in China since the Neogene and the characteristics of natural gas being very easy to migrate, accumulate and dissipate, the formation and finalization of most gas fields have been controlled by the history of tectonic evolution since the Neogene. The history of tectonic evolution would be of momentous significance to the distribution pattern of natural gas in China. |
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| Keywords: | China since the Neogene characteristics of tectonic evolution natural gas distribution pattern |
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