Evidence of fluid inclusions for two stages of fluid boiling in the formation of the giant Shapinggou porphyry Mo deposit,Dabie Orogen,Central China |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Institute of Geo-Fluids, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;2. Geological Survey of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230001, China;3. No. 313 Geological Team, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration of Anhui Province, Lu''an 237010, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;3. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;1. Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CREGU, GeoRessources, Boulevard des Aiguillettes B.P. 70239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France;2. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy, Parc de Saurupt, F-54042 Nancy, France;3. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Xianlin University Town, Nanjing 210046, China;4. BRGM-French Geological Survey, 3, Av. Claude Guillemin, BP 36009, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France;1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;2. School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;4. Institute of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;5. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;6. Petrochina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Institute of Geo-Fluids, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;3. Dexing Copper Mine, Jiangxi Copper Group, Dexing 334200, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA;3. Shandong Gold Mining Stock Co., Ltd., Laizhou City, Shandong Province 261400, China;4. Jiaojia Gold Company, Shandong Gold Mining Stock Co., Ltd., Laizhou City, Shandong Province 261438, China |
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| Abstract: | The Shapinggou porphyry Mo deposit, one of the largest Mo deposits in Asia, is located in the Dabie Orogen, Central China. Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization at Shapinggou can be divided into four stages, i.e., stage 1 ore-barren quartz veins with intense silicification, followed by stage 2 quartz-molybdenite veins associated with potassic alteration, stage 3 quartz-polymetallic sulfide veins related to phyllic alteration, and stage 4 ore-barren quartz ± calcite ± pyrite veins with weak propylitization. Hydrothermal quartz mainly contains three types of fluid inclusions, namely, two-phase liquid-rich (type I), two- or three-phase gas-rich CO2-bearing (type II) and halite-bearing (type III) inclusions. The last two types of fluid inclusions are absent in stages 1 and 4. Type I inclusions in the silicic zone (stage 1) display homogenization temperatures of 340 to 550 °C, with salinities of 7.9–16.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Type II and coexisting type III inclusions in the potassic zone (stage 2), which hosts the main Mo orebodies, have homogenization temperatures of 240–440 °C and 240–450 °C, with salinities of 34.1–50.9 and 0.1–7.4 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively. Type II and coexisting type III inclusions in the phyllic zone (stage 3) display homogenization temperatures of 250–345 °C and 220–315 °C, with salinities of 0.2–6.5 and 32.9–39.3 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively. Type I inclusions in the propylitization zone (stage 4) display homogenization temperatures of 170 to 330 °C, with salinities lower than 6.5 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The abundant CO2-rich and coexisting halite-bearing fluid inclusion assemblages in the potassic and phyllic zones highlight the significance of intensive fluid boiling of a NaCl–CO2–H2O system in deep environments (up to 2.3 kbar) for giant porphyry Mo mineralization. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions indicate that ore-fluids were gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric in origin. Sulfur and lead isotopes suggest that the ore-forming materials at Shapinggou are magmatic in origin. Re–Os dating of molybdenite gives a well-defined 187Re/187Os isochron with an age of 112.7 ± 1.8 Ma, suggesting a post-collisional setting. |
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