Rapid magnetic susceptibility measurement as a tracer to assess the erosion–deposition process using tillage homogenization and simple proportional models: A case study in northern of Morocco |
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| Institution: | 1. Process Engineering and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28806, Morocco;2. Department of Chemistry, Center of Materials Science, Laboratory of Applied Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Rabat, Mohammed V University, 4 Av. Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014 RP, Rabat, Morocco;3. Department of Earth Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, École Normale Supérieure, Tétouan, Morocco;4. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran;5. Laboratory of Environmental Geology and Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tétouan, Morocco;1. State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, Shaanxi, China;2. Chair of Water Resources Management and Modeling of Hydrosystems, Department of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 1-B14, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany;3. Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, Shaanxi, China;4. Shaanxi Province Institute of Water Resources and Electric Power Investigation and Design, Xi''an 710005, Shaanxi, China;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil;2. Institute of Hydraulic Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil;1. Laboratory of Applied Geology, Geoinformatics and Environment, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences Ben M''sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Morocco;2. Laboratory of Applied Geology, Department of Geosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismaïl University of Meknes, Morocco;3. Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, UMR5554, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier University, France;4. Toulouse III University, 13 Terrasses de la Figuière, Anduze, 30140, France;1. Hassan II university of Casablanca, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Morocco;2. River Basin Agency Of Bouregreg and Chaouia (ABHBC), Benslimane, Morocco;3. Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), International Water Research Institute, Ben Guerir, Morocco |
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| Abstract: | Soil erosion is a significant threat in the Rif region in northern Morocco. Hence, accurate cartography of the phenomenon, magnitude, and extent of erosion in the area needs a simple, rapid, and economical method such as magnetic susceptibility (MS). The current study aims to: (i) determine the factors influencing the variation of soil MS, (ii) exploit MS to estimate soil loss using two approaches in different homogenous units characterized by the same climatic conditions with different edaphic characteristics (land use, slope, and lithology), and (iii) highlight the potential for using MS as a cheap and rapid tracer of a long term erosion and deposition processes. Mass-specific magnetic susceptibility at low (χlf) and high (χhf) frequencies were measured for 182 soil samples collected in the study area. A tillage homogenization (T-H) model and a simple proportional model (SPM) were applied on an undisturbed soil profile to predict the eroded soil depths for given cores. The results confirm that χlf is influenced by land use, slope, and soil type. Pedogenesis is the main factor affecting soil MS enhancement, indicated by homogenous magnetic mineralogy with a dominance of super-paramagnetic (SP) and stable single domain (SSD) magnetic grains. The study results show that higher soil losses have occurred in almost all the soil samples when applying the T-H model compared to application of the SPM. The SPM underestimates erosion due to its ignorance of the MS of the plow layers after erosion. The current study implies the high efficacy of magnetic susceptibility as the quick, easily measurable, simple, and cost-effective approach that can be used as an alternative technique for evaluating soil redistribution. |
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| Keywords: | Magnetic susceptibility (MS) Pedogenesis Erosion Tillage homogenization (T-H) Simple proportional model (SPM) Soil loss |
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