Alkaline phosphatase as a bio-indicator of phosphorus-eutrophy in freshwater ecosystems: A review |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran;2. Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;3. Khamsan Representative and Paired Watershed, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran;1. EPROAD Research Unit, University of Picardie Jules Verne, IUT of Aisne, Saint Quentin, 02100, France;2. Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Ha Noi, Viet Nam;1. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India;3. School of Engineering, University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA;4. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Nazlu, Iran;5. Department of Civil Engineering, Saeb University, Abhar, Iran;1. Pars Oil and Gas Company, Tehran, Iran;2. School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran;2. Agrohydrology Research Group, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Limnologists have greatly advanced the understanding of indicators of phosphorus (P)-eutrophy in surface waters. Biotic variables such as macro-invertebrates, fish, zooplankton, benthic algae, and diatoms are extensively used for bio-assessment of eutrophy. New concepts highlight the importance of bed-sediment based “response” variables predicting functional shifts during eutrophication. A cross analysis of studies reveals that alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which serves as a proxy of P-deficiency, and also as an indicator of benthic anoxia/hypoxia-driven feedbacks, can be an easy to measure, cost-effective and reliable tool to assess changes in nutrient stoichiometry, trophic status, and ecological functioning at the sediment–water interface. Here, the issues discussed in this paper are highly relevant to explore new domains of research and “response” based ecosystem models for potential eutrophication management decisions. Because ALP is used in molecular cloning and fingerprinting studies, it is suggested that approaches based on the “omics” technologies need to be used to explore more intricate connections to empirically address ALP-P-eutrophy linkages to track eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems. |
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| Keywords: | Alkaline phosphatase Sediment based-indicators Ecosystem feedback Nutrient stoichiometry Phosphorus-eutrophy |
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