| 海洋地球物理测量中GPS数据问题与处理 |
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| 引用本文： | 栾锡武,鲁银涛,徐涛.海洋地球物理测量中GPS数据问题与处理[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):897-904. |
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| 作者姓名： | 栾锡武 鲁银涛 徐涛 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院海洋研究所，青岛 266071 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新工程项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 海上走航式地球物理测量的精度在很大程度上依赖于GPS（全球导航定位授时系统）数据观测的精度.由于各种原因，船载GPS测量会遇到多种问题.对记录到的GPS数据进行处理是获得高质量GPS数据一个不可缺少的环节.本文通过对多个海洋重磁调查航次的GPS观测数据进行处理，介绍了船载GPS测量中遇到的一些典型问题，以及相应的数据处理方法.本文指出，为保证数据采集的质量，船载GPS测量一般应使用两台GPS接收机同时进行测量.在数据处理时，将其中记录较稳定、可靠的一台GPS接收机作为主机，而另一台作为辅机.数据处理时，以主机记录的数据为主，当主机数据缺失时，则使用附机的数据作为补充.我们的长期观测结果表明，主机和附机之间总是存在时间差，目前我们没有发现时间差出现的规律和这种时间差出现的确切原因.用附机的数据来补充主机数据时，应该进行时间差调整.对于同一台GPS接收机的数据，本文介绍了野值、零值、重复值、时间间断和航迹间断等现象.同时文章中介绍了对于野值、零值、重复值、时间间断和航迹间断等数据，在进行数据处理时，可用剔除、插值、补遗等办法对上述出现的问题进行处理.本文认为，天气状况、卫星分布、天线运动姿态、接收机工作的稳定性、解码模块、运算〖JP3〗速度、多路径效应等都可能对GPS观测造成影响，但目前我们还并不能确定造成海上GPS测量出现问题的确切原因.
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| 关 键 词： | 海上地球物理测量 GPS测量 数据处理 |
| 文章编号： | 1004-2903（2005）04-0897-08 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-04-01 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-08-08 |
GPS data problems and its processing in marine geophysical survey |
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| LUAN Xi-wu,LU Yin-tao,XU Tao.GPS data problems and its processing in marine geophysical survey[J].Progress in Geophysics,2005,20(4):897-904. |
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| Authors: | LUAN Xi-wu LU Yin-tao XU Tao |
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| Institution: | Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071 ,China |
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| Abstract: | A large part of error of marine geophysical data is from GPS data. GPS data processing is important for improving the accuracy of acquired marine geophysical data. In this paper we show examples of GPS data sections containing wild value, zero value, and repeating value. Examples of logging time hiatus and track hiatus found in our GPS record were also given in this paper. We also detail the methods how to deal those kinds of bad data sections. The paper pointed out that for guarantying the safe marine geophysical measurement, a spare GPS receiver is needed during the cruise. But when two GPS receivers were used at the same time during the marine geophysical data acquV ring, no matter what kinds of receiver were used, a time difference between the two receivers will always be there. And for a long time purposely arranged observation, we found no regular pattern or rule for this kind of time difference. A brief discussion for the causes of the above GPS data problems was given in the last part of this paper. We believe that bad weather, unsuitable satellites distribution, antenna moving status, receiver working stability, speed of decode mould, multi- route effects could be the reasons of causes of bad GPS data, but we still not sure which reason is corresponding for which kind of bad GPS data section. |
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| Keywords: | marine geophysical measurement GPS data data processing |
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