| 长江荆南三口河系水位演变规律及对江湖水量交换关系的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 汪雁佳,李景保,李雅妮,吕殿青,代稳.长江荆南三口河系水位演变规律及对江湖水量交换关系的响应[J].地理研究,2019,38(9):2302-2313. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汪雁佳 李景保 李雅妮 吕殿青 代稳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院,长沙 410081;2. 中国科学院华南植物园,广州 510650 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41571100);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2019JJ40188) |
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| 摘 要： | 为分析荆南三口河系水位演变规律与江湖水量交换关系。依据1956—2017年荆南三口、湖南四水、洞庭湖城陵矶站以及长江干流枝城站月平均水位及流量和该流域8个雨量站的降水数据,运用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、回归分析、流量年特征值等方法研究了三口水位的时序演变特征及其与流量、降水、江湖水量交换、人类活动的关系。结果表明：① 与阶段一（1956—1966年）相比,阶段二（1967—1980年）、三（1981—2002年）、四（2003—2017年）河系年平均水位、年最高水位分别下降0.74 m、0.37 m,年最低水位上升0.07 m;② 在涨（4—5月）、丰（6—9月）、退（10—11月）、枯（12月—次年3月）四个水文节点上,最低水位降幅最大（-0.98 m）,平均水位次之（-0.78 m）,最高水位最小（0.55 m）,并将其降幅按水文节点排序依次为退水期（-0.95 m）>丰水期（-0.61 m）>涨水期（-0.21 m）>枯水期（0.15 m）;③ 河系水位变化与其流量变化有着较好的一致性（二者的相关系数r =0.65）,与降水量相关性较弱（r =-0.16）,但2002—2017年相对干旱的气候加剧了河系水位的下降。从总体上看,长江枝城来水量减少和以水利工程为代表的人类活动方式是导致荆南三口河系特征水位下降的主要驱动因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 水位时序变化 回归分析 Mann-Kendall法 江湖水量交换关系 荆南三口河系 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-10-30 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-04-26 |
The evolution of water level in Three Outlets of the Southern Jingjiang River and its response to water exchange in the Dongting Lake |
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| WANG Yanjia,LI Jingbao,LI Yani,LV Dianqing,DAI Wen.The evolution of water level in Three Outlets of the Southern Jingjiang River and its response to water exchange in the Dongting Lake[J].Geographical Research,2019,38(9):2302-2313. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yanjia LI Jingbao LI Yani LV Dianqing DAI Wen |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;2. South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the relationship between the water level evolution of the Three Outlets in the Southern Jingjiang River system and the exchange of river and lake water volume. Based on the monthly mean water level and discharge data obtained from 10 stations concerning the Three Outlets, Four Rivers and Chenglingji station of Dongting Lake and Zhicheng station along the Yangtze River Mainstream, as well as the precipitation data from another eight stations from 1956 to 2017, the temporal evolution of the Three Outlets' water level and its relationship with precipitation and water exchange in the Dongting Lake and human activities were studied by using Mann-Kendall trend test method, regression analysis and flow year eigenvalue method. The results show that: (1) Compared with the first stage (1956-1966), the average mean water level and the average highest water level of the second (1967-1980), third (1981-2002) and fourth (2003-2017) stages decreased by 0.74 m, and 0.37 m respectively, while the average lowest water level increased by 0.07 m. (2) The average lowest water level of the Three Outlets dropped by the largest volume (-0.98 m), followed by the average water level (-0.78 m). The average highest water level of the Three Outlets rose by 0.55 m in the four hydrological seasons, including the water-rising season (April-May), wet season (June-September), water-falling season (October-November) and dry season (December-March of the following year). In terms of the hydrological season, the drop of the Three Outlets' characteristic water level was in the order of water-falling season (-0.95 m) > wet season (-0.61 m) > water-rising season (-0.21 m) > dry season (0.15 m). (3) The change of the water level in the Three Outlets had a good consistency with its discharge (correlation coefficient of the two r=0.65), but had a weak correlation with precipitation (r=-0.16). However, the drought climate from 2002 to 2017 aggravated the decline of the water level of the Three Outlets. Generally speaking, water reduction at Zhicheng station in the Yangtze River and human activities represented by water conservancy projects were the main driving factors leading to the overall decline of the characteristic water level of the Three Outlets of the Southern Jingjiang River. |
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| Keywords: | time series change of water level regression analysis Mann-Kendall trend test method water exchange relationship in lake the Three Outlets of the Southern Jingjiang River |
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