| 湖南省乡村贫困的影响因素及调控路径研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 谭雪兰,安悦,王振凯,蒋凌霄,陈晓红.湖南省乡村贫困的影响因素及调控路径研究[J].地理研究,2019,38(11):2804-2815. |
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| 作者姓名： | 谭雪兰 安悦 王振凯 蒋凌霄 陈晓红 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙,410128;哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,哈尔滨,150025 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41971219);国家自然科学基金项目(41571168);湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(18ZDB015);湖南省哲学社会科学基金项目(14YBA209);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(18A102) |
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| 摘 要： | 贫困是当今世界尖锐的社会问题之一,贫困问题的研究对于改善民生、保障民生和推动贫困地区的社会经济发展具有十分重要的意义。本文以湖南省51个贫困县为例,综合运用熵值法、空间回归分析等方法,从人口结构、居住条件、收入状况与家庭支出4个方面构建贫困测度指标体系,对乡村贫困空间分异特征、影响因素、类型划分、调控路径等进行研究。结果表明：① 湖南省乡村贫困的空间分布呈现出显著的差异性,总体上以轻度贫困和一般贫困为主,比较贫困所占比例较少,比较贫困主要位于武陵山连片特困地区,包括怀化与湘西地区。② 湖南省乡村贫困是区域自然条件和外部社会经济因素相互作用、交互影响的结果,乡村贫困与县均海拔、自然灾害发生面积、农林牧渔业总产值、乡村产业结构及城乡居民收入比呈正相关关系,与农业机械化总动力和人均耕地面积呈负相关关系。③ 基于乡村贫困的测度结果对湖南省51个贫困县进行类型划分,共分为单因素主导型、双因素驱动型、多因素综合型3个大类和P因素主导型、P-E因素驱动型、P-H-E因素综合型等14个小类,并从基础设施建设、文化教育、职业能力培训以及特色产业发展对不同类型贫困县提出相应的脱贫措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 贫困测度 影响因素 类型划分 调控路径 湖南省 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-04-10 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-08-25 |
Research on influencing factors and regulating paths of rural poverty in Hunan province |
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| TAN Xuelan,AN Yue,WANG Zhenkai,JIANG Lingxiao,CHEN Xiaohong.Research on influencing factors and regulating paths of rural poverty in Hunan province[J].Geographical Research,2019,38(11):2804-2815. |
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| Authors: | TAN Xuelan AN Yue WANG Zhenkai JIANG Lingxiao CHEN Xiaohong |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;2. College of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China |
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| Abstract: | Poverty is a social phenomenon characterized by welfare dependence and passes down over generations. Poverty is one of the problems that are currently plaguing the countries of the world, especially the developing countries. As the largest developing country in the world, China has a large rural population. Due to many factors such as natural resources shortage, urban-rural duality and weak regional economic development, China's rural social and economic development has lagged behind the world's rural economy for a long time. It is a challenging task to achieve poverty alleviation and elimination for the wide distribution of impoverished rural population and conspicuous poverty issues in China. In 2013, China put forward the concept of “targeted poverty alleviation”, which opened a new period of the poverty reduction campaign. Different policies and strategies for different types of poverty and poverty-stricken areas should be made so as to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas, which has become a major urban-rural regional development strategy. And it is also an important strategy to achieve rural revitalization. The studies on poverty are of great significance to improve people's livelihood and promote the social and economic development in poor areas. Taking 51 poverty-stricken counties in Hunan province as examples, entropy method, spatial regression analysis and other methods were comprehensively employed in this research to construct a poverty measurement index system from four aspects of population structure, living conditions, income status and family expenditure. Meanwhile, the spatial differentiation, influencing factors, type division and regulation path of rural poverty were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The spatial distribution of rural poverty in Hunan presents a significant difference. Generally speaking, people with moderate poverty and general poverty are widely distributed, with a small proportion of relative poverty. The poor counties are mainly located in contiguous poverty-stricken areas of Wulin mountain, including Huaihua and Xiangxi. (2) Rural poverty in Hunan results from the interaction between regional natural conditions and external socio-economic factors, which is positively correlated with the average altitude of the county, the area of natural disasters, the total output value of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the rural industrial structure and the income ratio of urban and rural residents, however, it has a negative correlation with the total power of agricultural mechanization and the arable land per capita. (3) The 51 poverty-stricken counties were classified into three major types based on poverty measurement, including single factor leading, double factors driving and multi-factor comprehensive driving. The three major types encompass 14 secondary categories such as P factor leading, P-E factors driving, and P-H-E factors comprehensive driving. Based on this study, different strategies have been put forward to fight against the poverty with regard to different poverty-stricken counties from the aspect of infrastructure construction, culture, education and vocational skills training. |
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| Keywords: | poverty measurement influencing factor type division regulating path Hunan province |
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