| 基于乡村人口转移和农村道路建设的空间贫困破解机理及其对策研究——以贵州省为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 冯应斌,龙花楼.基于乡村人口转移和农村道路建设的空间贫困破解机理及其对策研究——以贵州省为例[J].地理研究,2019,38(11):2606-2623. |
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| 作者姓名： | 冯应斌 龙花楼 |
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| 作者单位： | 贵州财经大学公共管理学院,贵阳550025;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101;中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101;中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41661041);国家自然科学基金项目(41731286);中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M590130);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2017]1019);中国科学院科技扶贫项目(fp-2018-4) |
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| 摘 要： | 贫困与地理环境之间交互耦合形成了空间贫困陷阱,本文在对贵州50个国家级贫困县乡村人口转移减贫效应和松桃、威宁、望谟3个典型县域贫困村贫困发生率与农村道路可达性指数空间耦合关系进行实证研究基础上,阐释了破解空间贫困的作用机理,并构建相应政策体系。结果表明：① 贵州国家级贫困县乡村户籍人口向县内城镇转移和县外转移具有显著的减贫效应,但县内城镇转移比县外转移减贫效应的作用力更大。② 松桃县、望谟县极度贫困、可达性较差型和深度贫困、可达性较差型贫困村所占比例在15%左右,威宁为10%左右,对该类型贫困村实施整村易地搬迁和村庄撤并;对具有自然历史文化特色资源的深度贫困、可达性中等型和一般贫困、可达性中等型贫困村应进一步扩展道路宽度,打通断头路,形成网络,增强通行能力。③ 应坚持以县城为中心的就地城镇化和发达地区中心城市、省会城市等异地城镇化并重,加强对转移劳动人口的技能培训,提升其城镇生存能力。继续加大对具有自然历史文化特色资源的保护类村庄的“通村、通组、通户”道路拓宽、硬化等措施,逐步完善自来水、宽带等较为薄弱的基础设施投入力度,推进贫困村基本公共服务均等化;通过发展山区“绿水青山”内生性和外生性产业,引导贫困人口提升自我发展能力。
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| 关 键 词： | 空间贫困 乡村人口转移 农村道路建设 减贫效应 机理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-12-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-05-19 |
The mechanism and countermeasures of solving spatial poverty based on rural population transfer and rural road construction: A case study of Guizhou province |
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| FENG Yingbin,LONG Hualou.The mechanism and countermeasures of solving spatial poverty based on rural population transfer and rural road construction: A case study of Guizhou province[J].Geographical Research,2019,38(11):2606-2623. |
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| Authors: | FENG Yingbin LONG Hualou |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Public Management, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China;2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;3. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;4. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | The interaction between poverty and geographical environment creates a spatial poverty trap. This paper makes an empirical study on the effect of rural population transfer on poverty reduction of 50 state-level poverty-stricken counties in Guizhou Province, and examines the spatial coupling relationship between incidence of poverty and rural road accessibility index in poverty-stricken villages in Songtao, Weining and Wangmo counties. Then this paper explains the mechanism of solving spatial poverty and constructs the corresponding policy system. Main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the transfer of rural household registration population in poverty-stricken counties to towns within the county and the transfer of counties outside the county have significant poverty alleviation effects. However, the poverty reduction effect of urban transfer in the county is greater than that outside the county. (2) The poverty-stricken villages of extreme poverty and poor accessibility types (EP) and deep poverty and poor accessibility types (DP) in Songtao and Wangmo countries account for about 15% and those of Weining take up about 10%, and these types of poverty-stricken villages should be relocated and merged. For the poverty-stricken villages with natural, historical and cultural characteristics, such as deep poverty and medium accessibility types (DM), general poverty and medium accessibility types (GM), the rural road width should be further expanded, the network should be formed, and the traffic capacity should be enhanced. (3) It is necessary to adhere to the local urbanization in the county and the urbanization of the central cities and provincial capitals in developed regions. We will strengthen skills training for the transfer of the working population and continue to promote equalization of basic public services in poverty-stricken areas. This paper believes that the endogenous and exogenous industries of “lucid waters and lush mountains” in hilly and mountainous areas should be developed to guide the poor to improve their self-development capabilities. In the current and future period, we should adhere to development of the green industry, and further mobilize the enthusiasm of poor people to increase production. At the same time, we should steadily improve the basic public service level in poverty-stricken areas, enhance the self-development ability of the relatively poor people, and gradually move toward common prosperity. |
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| Keywords: | spatial poverty rural population transfer rural road construction poverty reduction effect mechanism |
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