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Morphometric analysis of the upper catchment of Kosi River using GIS techniques |
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| Authors: | Hemant Balwant Wakode Dibyendu Dutta V R Desai Klaus Baier Rafig Azzam |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52064, Aachen, Germany 2. Regional Remote Sensing Service Centre (ISRO), IIT Campus, Kharagpur, 721302, India 3. Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India |
| Abstract: | Geographical Information System (GIS) have proved to be an efficient tool in the delineation of drainage pattern for water resources management and its planning. In this study, GIS and image processing techniques have been adopted for the identification of morphological features and analyzing the properties of the upper catchment of Kosi River. The basin area includes the high-altitude Himalayan Mountains, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga peaks. This basin is the main contributing area for devastating floods in 2008 in the Bihar state of India. The catchment can be divided into three sub-catchments, namely, Arun, Sunkosi, and Tamur. A morphometric analysis shows the nature of drainage in the upper catchment of Kosi River and some causes behind the high-intensity floods by comparing the properties of these three sub-catchments. It shows that the highest-order drains are present in both Arun and Sunkosi and the length of the first-order drains is very high (6,088 km) due to the absence of vegetation and also due to the barren/rocky surface which has tremendous potential to generate runoff. Due to highest mean channel gradient in Tamur sub-basin compared to others, it has the highest flow kinetic velocity. Also, the results show that the Arun sub-catchment has the highest potential to contribute runoff and sediment. One of the major causes behind the high intensity of floods is that the sub-catchments Arun and Sunkosi have a nearly equal time of concentration, so they contribute their peak floods at the same time and hence double the intensity of floods. |
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