| 青藏高原冰崩隐患发育分布规律及危险性 |
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| 引用本文： | 汤明高,王李娜,刘昕昕,秦佳俊,李扬.青藏高原冰崩隐患发育分布规律及危险性[J].地球科学,2022,47(12):4647-4662. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汤明高 王李娜 刘昕昕 秦佳俊 李扬 |
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| 作者单位： | 成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室, 四川成都 610059 |
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| 基金项目： | 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助2019QZKK0201国家自然科学基金重大专项41941019 |
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| 摘 要： | 随着全球气候变暖,青藏高原冰崩灾害日益加剧.通过大量遥感解译及数据分析,系统查明青藏高原冰崩隐患数量、类型、发育规律及危险性:(1)40 269条冰川共发育冰崩隐患581处.按失稳方式分为滑移式和崩落式;按成灾模式分为冰崩直接灾害、冰崩-堵江溃决和冰崩-冰湖溃决灾害.(2)冰崩敏感坡度40°~50°,集中分布高程为4 500~5 500 m,坡向具有“亲北性”.(3)区域分布差异大.西藏和新疆区域分布共占89.5%,雅鲁藏布江和塔里木河流域分布共占80.4%,念青唐古拉山脉和横断山脉分布共占49.4%.(4)空间分异明显.冰崩前缘高程以喜马拉雅东构造结为界,以西呈自西向东增大的趋势,以东呈先减小后增大的“V”型趋势,40.1%的冰崩前缘高程4 500~5 000 m、位于雪线附近,受山脉控制具有气候带交界“群聚性”特点.(5)高危险的冰崩隐患点36处、中等危险215处、低危险330处.
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| 关 键 词： | 冰崩 遥感解译 隐患识别 发育规律 危险性 工程地质 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-23 |
Distribution and Risk of Ice Avalanche Hazards in Tibetan Plateau |
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| Abstract: | With the impact of global warming, the ice avalanche disaster on the Tibetan plateau is becoming more and more serious. Through a large number of remote sensing interpretations and data analysis, the number, types, development patterns and dangers of the hidden ice avalanches on the Tibetan plateau were identified systematically. (1) There are a total of 581 hidden dangers of ice avalanches in 40 269 glaciers. According to the mode of instability, they are divided into sliding type and caving type; according to the disaster mode, they are divided into the direct disaster of the ice avalanche, dammed lake outburst flood and glacial lake outburst flood. (2) The sensitive slope of ice avalanche is 40°-50°, and the concentrated elevation is 4 500-5 500 m, and the slope direction is "northern-friendly". (3) Obvious differences in regional distribution. Tibet and Xinjiang account for 89.5%, Yarlung Zangbo River and Tarim River basins account for 80.4%, Nyainqentanglha and Hengduan Mountains accounted for 49.4%. (4) Significant differentiation in spatial distribution. The elevation of the front edge of the ice avalanche changed regularly with the eastern Himalayan syntaxis region as the boundary. The elevation generally increased from west to east toward the west, while a "V"-shaped trend that first decreased and then increased toward the east. 40.1% of the ice avalanches front elevation was 4 500-5 000 m, located near the snow line and controlled by mountains. It had the characteristics of "clustering" at the junction of climatic zones. (5) There are 330 low-risk ice avalanches, 215 medium-risk points, and 36 high-risk points. |
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