| 创新型人才流动的空间结构与影响因素——基于高被引华人科学家履历分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙康,司月芳.创新型人才流动的空间结构与影响因素——基于高被引华人科学家履历分析[J].地理学报,2022,77(8):2113-2130. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙康 司月芳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心,上海 2000622.华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海 200241 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41871110) |
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| 摘 要： | 创新型人才作为重要的生产要素,对促进区域创新和竞争力提升具有决定性的作用。高被引科学家作为科研人员的杰出代表,是创新型人才的重要组成部分。本文以全球高被引华人科学家为研究对象,基于履历数据分析其流动,特别是工作阶段的流动特征;运用Heckman二阶段选择模型,对科学家工作阶段流动的影响因素进行分析,探究复合的人口迁移理论在高端人才流动中的适用性。研究发现：① 高被引华人科学家的人才流动轨迹表明,科学家的移动迁入地主要是国内外的核心城市（度中心性较高的城市）。② 高被引华人科学家工作阶段流动主要发生在中国和美国之间,中国城市多为人才迁入地,美国城市多为人才迁出地。③ 复合的人口迁移模型对高被引华人科学家工作阶段的区位选择解释作用明显。④ 高被引华人科学家国内外城市移动选择的影响因素不同,科学家的国内流动受到地理距离的限制,而迁入城市的拉力是高被引华人科学家产生跨国移动的主要原因。
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| 关 键 词： | 高被引华人科学家 履历分析 人才流动 Heckman模型 地理空间 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-07-14 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022-04-07 |
The geographical structure and influencing factors of talent mobility:The resume analysis of highly cited Chinese scientists |
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| SUN Kang,SI Yuefang.The geographical structure and influencing factors of talent mobility:The resume analysis of highly cited Chinese scientists[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2022,77(8):2113-2130. |
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| Authors: | SUN Kang SI Yuefang |
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| Institution: | 1. The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China2. School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China |
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| Abstract: | As an important innovation resource, top world talents play a vital role in promoting regional innovation and competitiveness. Among all kinds of top world talents, highly cited scientists, whose achievements are highly original and subversive, form a crucial scientific and technological force determining the direction of future scientific development. The geographical structure and influencing factors of their immigration are important and are being investigated within the field of geography. According to previous studies, different population types have different location choices. Despite existing research on the mobility of the general labor force, the question of which model is suitable for the movement of highly cited scientists has not yet been settled. This paper integrates the world city theory into population mobility studies and investigates the mobility of highly cited Chinese scientists. We compiled the list of highly cited Chinese scientists based on the 2014-2015 global list of highly cited scientists on the Web of Science as well as a background and resume information search. We proceeded with the research in the following ways: We firstly constructed a composite talent migration theory on the basis of the population migration theory in order to explore which factors affect scientists' location choice in their working periods; we secondly described their mobility characteristics during their education and working periods, including a detailed analysis of domestic and transnational migration during the working period; we thirdly applied the Heckman two-stage selection model to explore the applicability of compound population migration theory in high-end talent flow; and we finally conducted a classification study from the perspective of domestic/transnational mobility of talents and used the Probit regression model to explore the influencing factors of scientists' willingness to return to China or go abroad along with the factors that influence scientists' domestic mobility. The main conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) The talent flow trajectory of highly cited Chinese scientists showed that the target places of scientists are mainly core cities (measured by degree centrality) at home and abroad. (2) The transnational flow direction of highly cited Chinese scientists in the working stage is mainly from American cities to Chinese cities. (3) The composite population migration model has an obvious role in explaining the location selection of highly cited Chinese scientists in their working stage. Scientists mainly choose to move to core cities and their willingness to move is largely affected by their individual characteristics. (4) The factors influencing the choice of movement of highly cited Chinese scientists at home and abroad are different. The domestic mobility of scientists is limited by geographical distance, and highly cited Chinese scientists' transnational movement is mainly affected by the pull of the destination cities. We demonstrated that the composite population migration model was more suitable for the study of talents' movement inside the region (globally or within a country), while the push-pull model was more suitable for transnational movement. |
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| Keywords: | highly cited Chinese scientists resume analysis talent mobility Heckman model |
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