| 重庆市乡村义务教育资源可得性差异及影响因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 王世琼,刘睿,戴技才,陈希娅,胡秋宁.重庆市乡村义务教育资源可得性差异及影响因素[J].热带地理,2022,42(8):1349-1362. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王世琼 刘睿 戴技才 陈希娅 胡秋宁 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.重庆师范大学 地理与旅游学院, 重庆 401331;2.地理信息系统应用研究重庆市高校重点实验室, 重庆 401331;3.国家地球系统科学数据中心, 北京 100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金“公平与效率视角下城市公共服务设施空间配置机理与优化研究”(42071217);教育部人文社科规划基金项目“公平与效率视角下城市生态用地资源的测度及优化研究”(20XJAZH002);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目“多元空间大数据表征的城乡要素流动与城乡融合发展研究——以重庆西部片区为例”(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0521) |
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| 摘 要： | 以国家统筹城乡教育发展试验区的重庆市乡村地区为例，采用Densi-Graph城乡识别法进行行政区划内部格网尺度的精准识别，在此基础上探究义务教育资源可得性水平的空间差异及影响因素。结果表明：1）基于Densi-Graph城乡识别法的重庆市城乡差异显著，乡村区域面积达79 752 km2，占区域总面积的96.82%。城市部分面积为2 616 km2，占区域总面积的3.18%。2）重庆市义务教育资源可得性水平具有显著的空间集聚与关联特征，并呈现由中心城区向外递减的格局。3）政府重视程度、社会经济发展水平、交通设施水平、自然地理环境均与义务教育资源可得性水平具有显著相关性。4）交通站点密度与教育投入是影响义务教育资源可得性水平的主导因子，二者与各项因子的交互叠加作用增强效果显著；影响机制上，地形起伏度与坡度是乡村义务教育资源可得性水平的限制条件，社会经济是基础，交通是关键，教育投入是核心。
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| 关 键 词： | 重庆市 乡村地区 义务教育资源 可得便利度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-29 |
Availability Differences and Influencing Factors of Rural Compulsory Education Resources in Chongqing |
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| Shiqiong Wang,Rui Liu,Jicai Dai,Xiya Chen,Qiuning Hu.Availability Differences and Influencing Factors of Rural Compulsory Education Resources in Chongqing[J].Tropical Geography,2022,42(8):1349-1362. |
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| Authors: | Shiqiong Wang Rui Liu Jicai Dai Xiya Chen Qiuning Hu |
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| Institution: | 1.School of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China;2.Chongqing University Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System Application Research, Chongqing 401331, China;3.National Earth System Science Data Center, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | Education is the first step toward revitalizing the rural. The rational allocation of rural compulsory education resources is an important means of achieving comprehensive social development and urban-rural integration. This study used the Densi-Graph urban and rural identification method method to accurately identify urban and rural areas at the grid scale within the administrative division. Taking the rural area of Chongqing as an example, based on resource coverage, environmental constraints, and accessibility, this study explored the spatial differences in compulsory education resource availability. A spatial regression model and geographical detector were used to determine the main influencing factors. In order to provide data support and decision-making reference for the availability of rural compulsory education resources and spatial optimization of schools. The results show that the following: First, there is a significant difference between urban and rural areas based on the Densi-Graph urban-rural identification method, with the rural area of Chongqing reaching 79,752 km2, accounting for 96.82% of the total area; the urban area is 2,616 km2, accounting for only 3.18% of the total area, and is concentrated in the central city. There are significant circle layer increasing characteristics in the distribution of rural areas. From the central urban area to the periphery, the proportion of urban areas gradually decrease, and the proportion of rural areas gradually increase. The proportion of rural areas in the central urban area is 80.12%; the area of rural areas in the pioneering development areas of the same city, important strategic pivot cities, and bridgehead cities account for 95.81%, 96.32%, and 97.04%, respectively, which are higher in southeast and northeast Chongqing. Second, the availability of compulsory education resources in Chongqing has obvious spatial agglomeration and spatial correlation characteristics. High-level areas are clustered around the central urban area and scattered in the central area of the townships. Low-level areas are concentrated in backward mountainous areas, such as Chengkou, Wushan, and Pengshui. Specifically, high-level resource coverage areas are in a point-like agglomeration state in northeast and southeast Chongqing. The polarization of accessibility is significant. High-level areas only appear around the central urban area, while low-level areas are widely distributed in the west, northeast, and southeast of Chongqing. The degree of environmental constraint varies with terrain, and the spatial differences are small. A small number of low-level regions are concentrated at the junction of Chengkou, Kaixian, and Wuxi, with large terrain fluctuations. Overall, the availability level of compulsory education resources in rural areas of Chongqing shows a spatial difference pattern of decrease from the urban center to the periphery. Third, the degree of government attention, level of social and economic development, level of transportation facilities, and natural geographical environment are all related to the availability of compulsory education resources, but the degree of influence varies. Location dominance, slope, and topographic relief are negative factors, whereas the remaining factors play a positive role. Fourth, regional socioeconomic development affects the distribution of regional compulsory education resource points and investment in compulsory education, which is the basis for affecting the availability of resources. Public transport routes and traffic site density are key indicators affecting the availability of compulsory education resources, and there is significant interaction between social and economic development and education investment. Guaranteeing investment in education, optimizing the distribution of compulsory education points, and strengthening public transportation are equivalent to providing financial support and government attention. These are at the core of guaranteeing improvement in the level of availability of compulsory education resources in rural areas. |
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| Keywords: | Chongqing rural areas compulsory education resources accessibility |
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