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| 江汉平原北部汉水以东地区新石器晚期文化兴衰与环境的关系 | |
| 引用本文： | 史辰羲,莫多闻,刘辉,毛龙江.江汉平原北部汉水以东地区新石器晚期文化兴衰与环境的关系[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(2):335-343. |
| 作者姓名： | 史辰羲 莫多闻 刘辉 毛龙江 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 北京大学城市与环境学院,北京,100871 2. 湖北省文物考古研究所,武汉,430077 3. 南京信息工程大学大气科学院,南京,210044 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目，国家科技支撑计划项目，国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973项目) |
| 摘 要： | 新石器晚期江汉平原北部汉水以东地区成为长江中游的文化核心区，出现了文化高度繁荣又快速衰落的逆转，处于发展初期的区域文明走向崩溃。文章基于屈家岭剖面常量元素氧化物和TOC含量的分析结果，综合多种环境要素，探讨汉水下游地区全新世中晚期地貌、气候、水文等环境变化与文化兴衰的关系。研究认为，该地区5.4～4.6kaB.P.的气候整体暖湿，晚期暖湿程度有所降低；4.6～4.2kaB.P.气候较为稳定，温暖湿润程度有所回升； 4.2～2.7kaB.P.气候处于持续变干凉阶段； 2.7～0.5kaB.P.气候温湿程度开始回升，并略有波动，但比4.2kaB.P.前仍然偏干凉。以岗状平原为主的江汉平原北部地区优越的地理环境，整体暖湿的气候，为屈家岭文化、石家河文化的高度繁荣提供了环境基础，该时期的聚落数量和分布密度达到了长江中游新石器时期的最高峰。石家河晚期的气候变干变凉，对文化发展产生了一定影响，但不是石家河文化衰落的主要原因。该地区5～3kaB.P.的水位存在波动上升的趋势，这种变化主要受构造沉降、全新世以来海面上升和泥沙淤积的控制。江湖水位的波动上升而引起的洪患加剧，及人类活动向地势低平的江汉平原腹地扩展，这种水文过程和社会发展过程的矛盾，到石家河文化晚期尤为突出，可能是导致石家河文化走向衰落的主要原因。该地区内部或同其他地区之间的冲突可能加速了石家河文化的崩溃。 |
| 关 键 词： | 江汉平原 汉水 新石器晚期 古文化 环境演变 |
LATE NEOLITHIC CULTURAL EVOLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN NORTHERN JIANGHAN PLAIN EAST OF HANJIANG RIVER |
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| Shi Chenxi,Mo Duowen,Liu Hui,Mao Longjiang.LATE NEOLITHIC CULTURAL EVOLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN NORTHERN JIANGHAN PLAIN EAST OF HANJIANG RIVER[J].Quaternary Sciences,2010,30(2):335-343. | |
| Authors: | Shi Chenxi Mo Duowen Liu Hui Mao Longjiang |
| Institution: | College of Urban and Environmental Sciences|Peking University|Beijing100871； |Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology|Wuhan430077； |School of Atmospheric Sciences|Nanjing University of Information Science &;|Technology|Nanjing210044 |
| Abstract: | Qujialing,130km from the Wuhan City,is a representative Neolithic archaeological site in Northern Jianghan Plain east of the Hanjiang River,Hubei Province,China. It is crucial for researching the relationship between environmental changes and cultural evolution,because the region where is it became the cultural center of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the late Neolithic. In this paper,we synthetically analyzed the data of climate,regional hydrology and geomorphology to investigate the environmental changes. XRF and TOC techniques were used to analyze 31 samples from the natural deposits near the Qujialing site. SiO_2,Al_2O_3 and TFe_2O_3 are the primary components in these samples,and their highest proportion hits 82～92 percent. The TOC content occupied 0.13% ～0.58% . The content of oxides such as Al_2O_3, TFe_2O_3,and MgO increases with depth below 200cm,which indicates that the climate was relatively moist and warm in the early Qujialing Culture period,but a general change trend was getting colder and drier. Vertical changes of SiO_2/Al_2O_3 also show this trend. The regional palaeo-climatic changes can be divided into four periods since the mid-Late Holocene: 5.4～4.6kaB.P. ,warm and wet,but cool-arid at the end; 4.6～4.2kaB.P. ,warm and wet; about 4.2～2.7kaB.P. ,cool-arid; and after 2.7kaB.P. ,relatively warm and wet. The prosperity of Qujialing Culture(5.3～4.5kaB.P.)and Shijiahe Culture(4.5～3.9kaB.P.)was closely related to the superior natural environment and geographical factors,especially the warm-wet climate of the first and second periods. Until Shijiahe Culture,there were the largest size and number of settlements in this region. In the late of Shijiahe Culture,a cooling-and-drying climate might have some influence on the decline of Shijiahe Culture,but it wasn't the major cause. Tectonic subsidence, sea-level rise and sediment deposition caused the water level of Jianghan Plain raising and intensive flood disasters in this region during 5～3kaB.P. At the sametime,human settlements expanded into the low-lying plain. These factors intensified the discrepancy between social development and hydrological process,especially in the late of Shijiahe Culture. So the intensified discrepancy might be the key controlling factor to result in the collapse of Shijiahe Culture. |
| Keywords: | Jianghan Plain Hanjiang River late Neolithic Cultural evolution environmental changes |
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