AIRS-observed warm core structures of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific |
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| Institution: | 1. Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Ahmedabad 380015, India;2. ISRO Head Quarters, Dept. of Space, Antariksh Bhavan, New BEL Road, Bangalore 560 094, India |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) temperature profiles during the period 2003–2013 are used to examine the warm core structures and evolution characteristics associated with the formation and development of western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs). The warm core with a steady 1.5-K warming in the layer of 500–300 hPa occurs 24 h prior to tropical storm formation. Apparent eye warming extends upward to upper troposphere and downward to near surface after tropical storm formation. TC intensity shows a robust positive correlation with the warm core strength and has a weaker but still significant positive correlation with the warm core height (the weaker correlation is primarily attributed to the scattered warm core heights of weak TCs). Future 24-h intensity change of TCs has little correlation with the warm core height while it has a significant negative correlation with the warm core strength. Weak to moderate warm core at 500–200 hPa may be a necessary but not sufficient initial condition for TC rapid intensification. AIRS-observed warm core structures, in combination with other environmental factors, have the potential to improve the prediction of tropical storm formation and rapid intensification of WNP TCs. |
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| Keywords: | Tropical cyclone Warm core structure Tropical storm formation Rapid intensification Satellite observation |
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