Debris flows caused by failure of fill slopes: early detection,warning, and loss prevention |
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| Authors: | Thomas K Collins |
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| Institution: | (1) George Washington and Jefferson National Forests, 5162 Valleypointe Parkway, Roanoke, VA 24019, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes early detection, warning, and loss prevention for debris flows originating as failures of fill slopes.
Worldwide, fill slopes constructed on steep terrain for roads, hillside residential developments, timber harvest landings,
etc., are an increasing source of debris-flow hazards. Some fill failures that generate debris flows are the final stage of
incremental failures that provide warning signs of instability in the months or years before the debris flow. Mapping and
analysis of minor features, such as cracks and small scarps, on paved or unpaved surfaces of fills can identify incipient
and impending fill failures that are major debris-flow hazards. Potential debris-flow paths can be mapped and risk assessments
conducted. Loss prevention or reduction can be achieved by (1) prioritized maintenance, (2) prioritized repair, (3) monitoring,
(4) warnings for emergency officials and the public, and (5) risk avoidance or reduction in land-use planning, zoning, cooperation
between jurisdictions, and project development. |
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| Keywords: | Debris flows Fill slopes Loss of life and infrastructure Fill slope failure |
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