Uppermost Cretaceous–Lower Tertiary Uluk??la Basin,south-central Turkey: sedimentary evolution of part of a unified basin complex within an evolving Neotethyan suture zone |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 6, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;2. Departament de Geoquímica, Petrologia i Prospecció Geològica, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland;2. ?iauliai Au?ros Museum, Vilniaus St. 74, LT-76283 ?iauliai, Lithuania;1. Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá?ská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;2. Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;3. Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;4. Department of Geology, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | The Uluk??la Basin, the southerly and best exposed of the Lower Tertiary Central Anatolian Basins, sheds light on one of the outstanding problems of the tectonic assembly of suture zones: how large deep-water basins can form within a zone of regional plate convergence. The oldest Uluk??la Basin sediments, of Maastrichtian age, transgressively overlie mélange and ophiolitic rocks that were emplaced southwards onto the Tauride microcontinent during the latest Cretaceous time. The Ni?de-Kir?ehir Massif forming the northern basin margin probably represents another rifted continental fragment that was surrounded by oceanic crust during Mesozoic time. The stratigraphic succession of the Uluk??la Basin begins with the deposition of shallow-marine carbonates of Maastrichtian–Early Palaeocene age, then passes upwards into slope-facies carbonates, with localised sedimentary breccias and channelised units, followed by deep-water clastic turbidites of Middle Palaeocene–Early Eocene age. This was followed by the extrusion of c. 2000 m of basic volcanic rocks during Early to Mid Eocene time. After volcanism ended, coral-bearing neritic carbonates and nummulitic shelf sediments accumulated along the northern and southern margins of the basin, respectively. Deposition of the Uluk??la Basin ended with gypsum deposits including turbidites, debris flows, and sabkhas, followed by a regional Oligocene unconformity.The Uluk??la Basin is interpreted as the result of extension (or transtension) coupled with subsidence and basic volcanism. After post-volcanic subsidence, the basin was terminated by regional convergence, culminating in thrusting and folding in Late Eocene time. Comparisons of the Uluk??la Basin with the adjacent central Anatolian basins (e.g. Tuzgölü, Sivas and ?arki?la) support the view that these basins formed parts of a regional transtensional (to extensional) basin system. In our preferred hypothesis, the Uluk??la Basin developed during an intermediate stage of continental collision, after steady-state subduction of oceanic crust had more or less ended (“soft collision”), but before the opposing Tauride and Eurasian continental units forcefully collided (“hard collision”). Late Eocene forceful collision terminated the basinal evolution and initiated uplift of the Taurus Mountains. |
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