Comparison between non-residual Al,Co, Cu,Fe, Mn,Ni, Pb and Zn released by a three-step sequential extraction procedure and a dilute hydrochloric acid leach for soil and road deposited sediment |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590 PR China;2. College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700 PR China;1. Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;2. Centre of Environmental and Climate Research & Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden;1. Cardiac Surgery Department, Istituto Clinico Sant''Ambrogio, Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato, Milan, Italy;2. Department of Clinical Science at South Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom;1. Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;2. Department of Physics, College of Education and Science – Al Khurma, Taif University, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan;4. Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics Qatar University, Qatar;5. Crises Decision Support Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait;6. Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;7. Sunway University, Centre for Biomedical Physics, Jalan Universiti, 46150, PJ, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | Surprisingly little is known about the relationship between the labile phases removed by sequential extraction procedures and those liberated by single leaches that minimally impact the alumino-silicate matrix of solids. This investigation examines the relationship between the summed concentrations of Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn released by an optimized 3-step standardized sequential extraction procedure and those released by a single 0.5 M HCl leach. Thirty-nine representative soil and road deposited sediment samples were examined from an urban watershed, in Honolulu, Hawaii, which has been shown to have a high degree of traffic-associated pollution. Properties of samples analyzed varied widely and exhibited a range in cation exchange capacities from 7 to 59 cmolc/kg, pH values from 3.5 to 7.9, and organic C contents from 1 to 29%. Results indicate that the dilute HCl leach was slightly more aggressive than the sequential procedure as it removed significantly more Al, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni; though no significant differences were observed between Co, Pb and Zn concentrations liberated by the two approaches. Both approaches showed limited dissolution of the crystal lattice with ?9% of the total Al liberated. Regardless of approach, element mobility was the same with the order being: Pb>Mn>Zn>Co≈Cu>Ni>Fe ～ Al. Regression analysis indicated highly significant (P<0.0001) logarithmic relationships between the two digestion procedures, with coefficients of determination (r2) ?92% for all elements except Fe (54%) and Ni (64%). Further support for the strong relationships between elements liberated by both digestions was gained from geochemical contrasts between anomalous and background levels and concentration enrichment ratios. This was particularly true for Pb and Zn, the most anthropogenically enhanced trace metals in the watershed. All data indicated that a dilute HCl leach was a valuable, rapid, and cost-effective analytical tool in contamination assessment. |
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