Spatial and temporal variability of trace element concentrations in an urban subtropical watershed,Honolulu, Hawaii |
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| Institution: | 1. Eötvös University, Department of Physical Geography, Pázmány s. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;2. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 — Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;3. Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, BIK-F, TSP6 Evolution and Climate, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt a.M., Germany;4. Institute of Speleology, Romanian Academy, Clinicilor 5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;5. Eötvös University, MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Pázmány s. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;6. Keele University, School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK;7. Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Science, Babe?-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurean str. 42, RO, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;8. Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Babe?-Bolyai University, Fantanele str. 30, RO, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;9. Eötvös University, Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Pázmány s. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;10. Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary;11. GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 4.3, Chemistry and Physics of Earth Materials, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;12. University of Cologne, Institute of Geography Education, Gronewaldstr 2, D-50931 Cologne, Germany;13. Inimii 3/14, RO, 530225 Miercurea Ciuc, Romania;14. Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Atomki, 4026 Debrecen, Bem tér 18/c, Hungary;1. Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea;2. Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea;3. Pathology Team, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan 619-902, South Korea;4. Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, South Korea;5. Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea;1. Instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Casilla 1701-2759 Quito, Ecuador;2. Palaeoenvironmental Change Research Group, Environment, Earth and Ecosystems, Gass Building, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom;1. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL), Laurel, MD 20723, USA;2. Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA;3. Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), 98128 Kiruna, Sweden;4. Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;5. Space Research Institute (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8042 Graz, Austria |
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| Abstract: | Trace metal concentrations in soils and in stream and estuarine sediments from a subtropical urban watershed in Hawaii are presented. The results are placed in the context of historical studies of environmental quality (water, soils, and sediment) in Hawaii to elucidate sources of trace elements and the processes responsible for their distribution. This work builds on earlier studies on sediments of Ala Wai Canal of urban Honolulu by examining spatial and temporal variations in the trace elements throughout the watershed. Natural processes and anthropogenic activity in urban Honolulu contribute to spatial and temporal variations of trace element concentrations throughout the watershed. Enrichment of trace elements in watershed soils result, in some cases, from contributions attributed to the weathering of volcanic rocks, as well as to a more variable anthropogenic input that reflects changes in land use in Honolulu. Varying concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in sediments reflect about 60 a of anthropogenic activity in Honolulu. Land use has a strong impact on the spatial distribution and abundance of selected trace elements in soils and stream sediments. As noted in continental US settings, the phasing out of Pb-alkyl fuel additives has decreased Pb inputs to recently deposited estuarine sediments. Yet, a substantial historical anthropogenic Pb inventory remains in soils of the watershed and erosion of surface soils continues to contribute to its enrichment in estuarine sediments. Concentrations of other elements (e.g., Cu, Zn, Cd), however, have not decreased with time, suggesting continued active inputs. Concentrations of Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, V and U, although elevated in some cases, typically reflect greater proportions attributed to natural sources rather than anthropogenic input. |
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